Adoption: Infectious Diseases Issues Essay

Adoption is and always has been something that many couples consider in doing throughout their lives. One couple might consider adopting a child due to being unable to have a child of their own or another in wanting to help a child in need of parents to look over them. In recent years, many young parents have given their child up for adoption because of not being able to provide for the child or the mother is too young to take full responsibility. But, the biggest concern regarding adoption is the birth records of the child that are being sealed away from them. Once the child grows up and finds out they were adopted, they are unable to look at their actual birth certificates and find out where they came from. Many have been raising questions to why they are sealed and a resolution must be found to make it fair for the adopted children to find out where they came from and who their real parents are. In the U.S., most laws from the 1930’s and 40’s still remain firm in 44 states. These laws are forbidding adopted children who are now adults to their original birth records that are locked away from them that has the primal question: Who am I? Identity is many things, but it begins with the knowledge of one’s own truth of heritage and birth. According to Lorraine Dusky, one of the situations that are standing in the way of the further progress to resolve this problem is the argument that most mothers want to keep their â€Å"privacy† protected. She says that more work is needed to show that these outdated laws and arguments are not true but only myths. Dusky states that most mothers are more than happy to welcome in their children back into their lives and in states as in Oregon, mothers have the option to fill out a form indicating whether or not they want to be contacted. She concludes that mothers asking for no contact are now no more than one a month. (Dusky). This is a good indication that the birth parents do not want to lose contact with th eir child when he or she chooses to find them when they grow up. Adoption has also brought an important function to other people’s lives. According to Annette Baran, Reuben Pannor and Arthur D. Sorosky, adoption fulfills couples’ dreams that are unable to have children of their own and want have a complete family unit that conceals their infertility and denies the existence of another set of parents. They say that in the past, adoption was more open and was not unusual before World War II for a couple to take in a pregnant woman and take care of her while she was pregnant till she delivered, then adopt the child. They state  that it was easy for the mother to give her child to the couple because of the connection they formed and the mother felt comfortable giving her child to the people she knew very well who would take care of the baby and provide for it. They conclude that there is no further evidence showing that there were any complications for both the birth and adoptive parents or any harassment from either of them after the child was given away. (Baran et. al. 97-98). After looking at the aspect of the benefits of both the birth parents and adoptive parents, there are also emotional and health issues with the adoptees. The only reason to why birth records are being sealed away is to keep the privacy of the birth parents but that is completely unfair to the adoptees that want to find out what is wrong with them and where they came from. Some adoptees have health risks and are unable to continue their treatments if they do not have their actual birth records. According to Karen March, one of the strongest challenges against secrecy comes from the adult adoptees that have established contact with their birth parents. She states that before the adoptees reunited with their biological parents, they felt a sense of incompletion from their inability to fully find out about their biological parents and background information to put together who they truly were. March says that after finally reuniting with their parents, they were finally able to move on w ith their life and accept the reality of why they were sent to adoption. She concludes that many adoptees that have problems with their birth records being released find themselves emotionally unstable to cope with why their biological parents have left them. (March 653-654). By giving these adoptees the opportunity to place self with a biosocial context, reunion gave them a means of gaining stronger social acceptance. In a book titled â€Å"Adoption, Identity, and Kinship† written by Katarina Wegar, assistant professor of sociology at Old Dominion University, investigated the historical, physiological, social, cultural, and gender issues that are surrounding issues over the sealed birth records. Wegar writes that over 60 years of perspectives on adoption, she was able to find that instead of showing adoption as a social institution, many researchers have often depicted adoptive families as deviant people. Moreover, Wegar argues that some adoption activists have accepted facts from psychiatrists, who blame the adoptees’ problems rather than on social and cultural causes. She believes that the American family is  a natural or a biological arrangement, to look at adoption as a solution to a social problem rather than the social problem to be solved. Wegar concludes that the main structure of adoption in the American adoption system is the race and class, along with gender, age, family structure, and sexual preference. (Wegar 36-123). Adoption, according to Wayne E. Carp, is present everywhere in the American society that is creating invisible relationships with biological and adoptive parents and is touching many people. He states that adoption is the most controversial issue in the United States and recent articles have accused many adoptive families of being associated in Cambodian black market baby-buying rings. Carp writes that in 1994, Congress passed a law stating with the intention of prohibiting adoption agencies from using race or national origin as a basis to deny the placement of a child in transracial adoptions. Also, Carp believes that one problem with activists, is that they commonly believe that adoption causes much pain and lifelong suffering to everyone involved and in 1995, the Florida Supreme Court upheld a la w stating that gay couples are prohibited from adopting. Carp says that as late as the 1950s, most Americans would not have considered the subject of adoption or closed records as controversial. In fact, most Americans viewed it in positive terms because it seemed to solve many social problems. Also, according to Doris H. Bertocci, she says the same about how these sealed records are far more complicated than anyone would have expected. (Bertocci 252). Carp states that single women were able to escape the stigma of having a child out of wedlock and were able to move on with their lives, which usually meant getting married. He concludes that it was also an escape route for children to escape the stigma of illegitimacy and then were able to find a good home with two loving parents who on the other hand found a solution to having their own child. (Carp 434). The question was never raised to why records are being sealed away from adoptees. According to Carp, not until the early 1970s was when adult adoptees discovered that birth records were b eing sealed, thus they went right into the political process to change this unfair practice. Carp, states that once the reform movement began, the birth mothers reacted immediately and the reason to that was because of the situation they were in. He writes that the mothers believed they were doing the right thing for their babies and that they would be able to avoid  society’s condemnation of having a child without being married. Because of this, Carp says that the mothers received promises from adoption agencies that their identities would remain a secret and many kept it away from their husbands as well. But, many activists, according to Carp were able to gain access to adoption records through lawsuits, ballot initiatives, and state legislation, which resulted in success for the state of Oregon to allow adult adoptees to their original birth certificates, for the most part, the result of the reformers’ lawsuits have failed in the courts and failed to open adoption records unconditionally. He argues that the reason to their lack of success, there exists an ethical and moral dilemma: Who’s rights are pre-eminent, those of adopted adults or those of birth parents? Many states have tried to make both sides satisfied: adult adoptees, who want to have the right to open birth records and the birth parents, who were promised secrecy of their identity by the private adoption agencies. (Carp 435). Taking a look at another aspect of adoption, many complications can arise regarding international adoption. In recent research done by Laurie C. Miller, she finds that since 1986, nearly 220,000 children from other countries have been adopted by American families and since 1995, the top 4 countries have been China, Russia, South Korea, and Guatemala. She states that the living circumstances of children before adoption all varied greatly and most of the children came from orphanages, where they experienced malnutrition, emotional and physical neglect, harsh living environments, and exposure to infectious diseases. Miller states that thanks to the International adoption medicine, new specialized pediatrics have been able to address the specific health care needs for the children after arriving to the United States. But, Miller argues that one of the primary concerns of international adoption medicine is the evaluation of international adoptees for infectious diseases as for other immig rant children. She also argues that many adoptive families sometimes encounter difficult situations related to infectious diseases like the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Asia that has affected many adopting families in the United States. Miller concludes that these days, consultants have much to offer for internationally adopted children and the adoptive parents as well as appropriate screenings that allow assessment of the child’s health. (Miller 286-287). In the United States, adoption by a same-sex partner was  first granted in 1985. According to Nina Dethloff, nowadays, adoption by same-sex couples is aloud in a number of states however, there are several differences in other countries. Dethloff states that at least in six states the court has held adoptions by same-sex couples to be permissible. But, adoptions by a homosexual partner are possible in New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Illinois, Vermont, Pennsylvania, and in District of Columbia. She says that the adoption of a child that is not biological, but the previously adopted, child of the other partner is exceptional. She argues that he or she can adopt both a biological child and a previously adopted child of his or her partner but only a few states prohibited and still prohibits adoptions by homosexuals. Dethloff states that previously held prejudices on children who live in a homosexual family are more likely to develop a homosexual orientation or might even be abused, especially by gay men, have not been fully confirmed. Furthermore, she shows evidence that there is no scientific proof that children show developmental or behavioral disturbances as a result of their parents’ sexual orientation. Dethloff concludes that there is evidence that homosexual parents raise their children differently than the opposite-sex couples, but the only real concern is that due to constant prejudices, children raised by same-sex parents may suffer from harsh discrimination. ( Dethloff 201). Every couple, regardless of their sexual orientation, should have the right to raise and adopt a child. Looking at the child’s perspective, would it not be better to give a child a home? According to Gregory K. Popcak, executive director of the Pastoral Solutions Institute, there are significantly more children waiting to be adopted than there is same-sex couples waiting to adopt. He states that by contrast, each year there are no more than 70,000 to 162,000 married couples in the U.S. who have filed adoption papers or are filing papers. Popcak believes that this means that in any given year there are 1.2 and 2.7 married couples per waiting child meaning that there is no need to open up adoption centers for homosexual couples. (Popcak 13). Though Popcak’s arguments may remain true, he is not helping in the fact that all people should be treated equally regardless of their sexual orientation and children should have a home provided for them. Dethloff shows that in a coun try where a large number of children are living under institutional care in order to be placed in a family, same-sex couples will be more than ready  to take in a child and provide for it like any other responsible parent would. (Dethloff 202). Though many adopted children get discriminated because of their parents’ sexual orientation, they at least know that they have parents that they could talk to and have a real home with. Because they are adopted, they will always look for who their real parents are and what is their real birth certificate as well as have the right to access to it. According to David B. Biklen, adult adoptees who want access to their birth records argue that the information in the birth records belongs not only to the birth parents or state, but also to the child, now an adult. Biklen argues that birth parents should not have control over their adult child’s access to his or hers birth name, heritage, history and the state should not continue to be a party that is keeping all of this information secret. He states that adult adoptees claim the right to their information and because they have a legitimate need, medical and otherwise, to full access to their genetic heritage. Biklen states t hat recent adoption research indicates that secrecy in adoption can be damaging for everyone involved. Secrecy in a family can cause much pain, shame, and psychological damage even when the secrets are not revealed and holding back information can be very damaging to the child. (Biklen). Regarding the medical information of the adoptee, it is very important for them to know about where their health risks come from. Biklen states that current sealed records system burdens adult adoptees’ access to family medical information that may be critical to their own health care. He says that many adult adoptees have been having difficulties answering routine, even critical health questions about the health history of their genetic relatives. Also, under the legislation of some states, from having a â€Å"sin† of his or hers birth parents, the adopted child was â€Å"reborn† into the adoptive family with a new identity, name, and birth certificate to give an illusion that the child was born in the adoptive family. Biklen argues that the original birth certificates were then sealed and replaced with a new birth certificate that gave false information, a legal fiction. In addition, Biklen says that to attempting to change sealed record laws, many adult adoptees have used other ways to search for their birth information by using professional consultants, volunteer networks, and self-help search groups that help address the demands by the adult adoptees to finding their birth parents. (Biklen). Adoptees now have become more  outspoken and are searching for their birth parents without their adoptive parents’ permission. Not only do adoptees have a say on this controversial topic but as well as their adoptive parents. According to Phyllis R. Silverman, Lee Campbell, and Patricia Patti, adoptive parents are finding themselves to be caught in a situation they were never prepared for. They stated that many adoptive parents were expecting their adoptive child will not want to reunite with their birth parents for the papers are sealed and kept away. They say that in a study done of adoptive families, they preferred to have veto power over adoptees searching for their birth parents even when the child grew up into an adult. The researchers say that today, many adoptive and birth parents are now being informed that the child might or will be searching for them when he or she get older. But, the real concern adoptive parents have is about what type of question might pop up when the child grows up and them not knowing how to answer it. They state that most adoptive parents will not know about the child meeting or them finding their birth parents or what to expect when something like this will occur. In conclusion, they say that adoptive parents get protective of their adoptive children and are afraid of them leaving after they find out the truth. (Silverman et. al. 543). The controversial aspect of adoption helps bring a better understanding of how adoption works as well as the controversy behind it. There will always be debates to what is best for the child and who is the best choice to provide for the child as to help them grow up to be better people and to have a family of their own to where they can feel complete. Every child needs a family, but every adoptee would have preferred to stay with their biological mother from the beginning even if she could not provide for them. Others, on the other hand are grateful that they have been adopted because it gave them the happiness of being wanted in a family where the biological parents wanted the best for them, out of love. No matter what the choices are made, it is never possible to tell what the outcome may be, and that is the controversial issue. Sealed birth records have the answers to the adoptees questions and could also be beneficial to their medical health risks that could save their life or help form a healthy biological family of their own. Reference Baran Annette, Reuben Pannor, and Arthur D. Sorosky. â€Å"Open Adoption.† Social Work 21.2 (1976): 97. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 May 2013. Bertocci, Doris H. â€Å"On Adoption.† Social Work 23.3 (1978): 252. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 May 2013. Biklen, David D. â€Å"Sealed Adoption Records.† (1999). 10 May 2013. www.cga.ct.gov Carp, Wayne E. â€Å"Adoption, Blood Kinship, Stigma, And The Adoption Reform Movement: A Historical Perspective.† Law & Society Review 36.2 (2002): 433. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 May 2013. Dethloff, Nina. â€Å"Same-Sex Parents In A Comparative Perspective.† International Law FORUM Du Droit International 7.3 (2005): 195-205. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 May 2013. Lorraine, Dusky. â€Å"Help adult adoptees find birth parents.† USA Today n.d.: Academic Search Premier. Web. 9 May 2013. March, Karen. â€Å"Perception of Adoption as Social Stigma: Motivation For Search And Union.† Journal Of Marriage & Family 57.3 (1995): 653-660. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 May 2013. Mill er, Laurie C. â€Å"International Adoption: Infectious Diseases Issues.† Clinical Infectious Diseases 40.2 (2005): 286-293. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 May 2013. Popcak, Gregory K. â€Å"Misplacing Children.† First Things: A Monthly Journal Of religion & Public Life 164 (2006): 12-13. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 May 2013. Silverman, Phyllis R., Lee Campbell, and Patricia Patti. â€Å"Reunions Between Adoptees And Birth Parents: The Adoptive Parents’ View.† Social Work 39.5 (1994): 542-549. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 May 2013. Wegar, Katarina, Adoption, Identity, and Kinship: The Debate over Sealed Birth Records. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997.

The School Systems on Bilingual Education

Throughout the world, language defines who you are and where you come from. Something unique to the United States of America is that we not only have one language that unites us, we have hundreds that separate us; that is the core of the problem. Instead of forcing people to learn English as soon as they enter the country, the government has been mollycoddling and pampering non-English speakers. Such programs as bilingual education have been at the source of the problem. Bilingual education has said to many foreigners that its ok if you come to America and don†t speak English, it†s only our language, but we†ll cater to you. It all simmers down to one simple point that bilingual education is not necessary and is harmful to the United States as a whole. Voting ballots were just sent out in the mail last week. Something was very noticeable, not only was it in English, but it was in Spanish as well. One very common sign that English education in this country has not improved was just sent to millions of voters all over the country. If things do not improve, the children of those Spanish speaking citizens, in ten twenty years down the road, will be as illiterate in English as they were the day they were born. â€Å"The character of American life 50 years hence will determined†¦ by what happens in elementary school classrooms where immigrants† children are learning – or not learning – English† (Barone). Everything that influences a child†s life happens in their early years, and if English does not influence them then, they may never be. â€Å"†¦for many years Latino kids failed to learn enough English to score well on tests and qualify for good jobs, thanks to ‘bilingual education,† which in most cases was neither bilingual or education†(B! arone) The school system for non-native speakers seems not only inadequate, but in the need of great reform. Immersion seems to be the only answer to that great problem. It is not only theorized that immersing and teaching straight English would be the solution, it was actually tested out. Last June, California was the first state to completely do away with bilingual education with Proposition 227. â€Å"The proposition mandated that these students take English immersion classes, unless their parents specifically requested that they continue traditional bilingual education programs.† (Forbes) The government gave parents the right to allow their children to continue with the slower bilingual programs instead of letting them mainstream into English. Not only were educators against this move, but also President Clinton himself did not condone it. (Samuelson) The results, however, were overwhelming. â€Å"Test scores of children from Spanish-speaking families†¦.rose. In second grade, average reading scores of students with limited English ability have jumped in the past two years from the 19th percentile nationally to the 28th percentile. In math, the same ! students went from the 27th to the 41st percentile..† (Samuelson). With everyone against this new idea of reform for schooling, not only did they succeed, they out-witted 28 and 41 percent of the country. Something must be done right if such numbers jump in such a short amount of time. † ‘The kids have taken to English and are absorbing it like sponges†Ã¢â‚¬  (Wildavsky). Younger students have more of the want and the need to learn, they don†t become lazy or intolerant of school, something that develops during the teenage years. They have gained a language and a new place and outlook on the world. Along with this fast paced English education called immersion, comes along a new identity. Until a person understands and can speak the language of the country, he or she doesn†t really feel like a citizen, or an American. Many immigrants want this education for their sons and daughters, so that they can have a better life in this country knowing English, unlike them. â€Å"A recent national survey conducted by Public Agenda, a nonpartisan organization, reports that 75 percent of the foreign-born parents say that the school†s first priority should be to teach English quickly..† (Pedalino Porter) Immigrant parents are usually very strict on the English education issue, like most parents feel, they want their children to grow up and live American lives, better lives than their parents had back where they came from. Not only do these parents condone the teaching of straight English, they become quite rowdy if it doesn†t happen. â€Å"In Los Angeles, the parents of Mexican-American children! in the Ninth Street School staged a boycott, keeping their children out of school for several days in 1996 to protest the school principal†s unwillingness to increase the amount of English language instruction after appeals by the parents† (Pedalino Porter) The passion that these parents possess is so fierce for their wish for their children to have a better life, they would give up or protest anything, including a couple of days of their child†s education. â€Å"Of course, my parents replied. What would they not do for their children†s well-being?† (Rodriguez 532). With every parent comes that special bond with a child, life seems so trivial when you can give everything you have to better that child†s life and education. With the knowledge of English, American identity is finally found. â€Å"I came to believe what had been technically true since my birth: I was an American citizen† (Rodriguez 533). That identity can only be found through the English language, the only official and primary language of our country. The English language is what makes us, it is our identity, and it signifies that we are from America, one of the only countries in the world where a beggar can make it as a middle-class person. The downtrodden and persecuted alike flee to our country in hopes of a better future for not only themselves but also their children. Immersion of the English language is the only way that those people and their children can really identify themselves as being American. Without the language, those people are still what they were before, oppressed in the darkness of ignorance and disillusion. The only way to remedy that is to teach our younger generation, and teach them early enough, the only langu!

Jane Eyre: Christian Values

Throughout the novel, Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Bronte, Jane struggles to find the right balance between moral duty and earthly pleasure; between obligation to her spirit and attention to her physical and emotional needs. She lives most of her childhood as a rebellious and defiant youth, but the impact of those whom she is surrounded by helps her grow and develop into a disciplined woman of the Christian faith. Bronte represents Christianity with three major characters: Helen Burns, Mr. Brocklehurst, and St. John. The saint-like Helen Burns practices selfless faith and is able to love those who persecute her. Mr. Brocklehurst is a hypocritical Christian and uses religion as justification for his cruelty. St. John has a strong religious conviction and an equally powerful sense of duty and mission in spreading the word of Christianity. The Christian values Helen Burns, Mr. Brocklehurst, and St. John Rivers demonstrate are extremely influential in Jane’s Christian life and how she comes to define her own faith and values. During her stay at Lowood School, Jane develops a close relationship with Helen Burns. Jane considers both Helen and herself as alienated from the other students. Though a brief character in the novel, Helen’s model of Christianity helps Jane discover how to live her life like a true Christian. Helen endures cruel treatment and forgives the people who abuse her with humble self-restraint and grace. Her view is primarily that you should, â€Å"Love your enemies; bless them that curse you; do good to them that hate you and despitefully use you. † (p. 0) However, this outlook is not easily accepted by Jane who cannot understand Helen’s belief of tolerance of injustice. You can read also Analysis of Literary Devices of Jane Eyre Young Jane believes, â€Å"When we are struck at without reason, we should strike back very hard†¦ so as to teach the person who struck us to never do it again. †(p. 60) Even as Helen is lying on her death bed conversing with Jane about God, she expresses an attitude of unquestioning faith. â€Å"Why, then, should we even sink overwhelmed with distress, when life is so soon over, and death is so certain an entrance to happiness – to glory? † (p. 2) Helen eagerly awaits her impending death so that she may soon be with God. Jane is so intrigued with her friend’s strong trust in God that she eventually matures into a woman of the same devout faith. Mr. Brocklehurst undeniably characterizes the false Christian who disguises their hypocrisy and cruelty behind the pretense or doctrines of self-righteous Christianity. Mr. Brocklehurst manipulates Christian doctrine to serve his own needs and agenda and Jane sees the deceit of his behavior as it contrasts so grossly with the true Christian virtues that Helen possesses. His behavior oppresses others while Helen’s uplifts and serves those she encounters. At Lowood, Jane and the other girls are fearful of Mr. Brocklehurst who uses religion as a rationalization for their poor living conditions. He even goes so far as to chastise Miss Temple for providing the girls with an extra meal when their breakfast had been unfit to eat. He sternly rebukes her by saying, â€Å"A judicious instructor would take the opportunity of referring to the sufferings of the primitive Christians; to the torments of the martyrs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p. 5) and considers the persecution of the early Christians as the justification for avoidable poor treatment of his students. Also in the same chapter, Mr. Brocklehurst's hypocritical nature is evident when he insists that the girls' hair be cut because curls are un-Christian and not modest enough, while his wife and two daughters have their hair styled in curls and dressed in velvets, silks, and furs. Jane rejects this double sta ndard because of its obvious cruel hypocrisy and recognizes the importance of true Christian morality and integrity in her own practice of faith. The handsome blonde-haired, blue-eyed parson, St. John, is described in both physical and spiritual appealing terms by Jane. Yet, Jane identifies the conflict demonstrated by St. John’s ambition in pursuing an admired, self-sacrificing mission in the church versus her need for emotional bonding and passion to fulfill her need for personal freedom, love and emotional support. St. John is not hypocritical like Mr. Brocklehurst in his practice of faith, but rather described as â€Å"patient and placid† with little expression of personal relationship with God in Christianity. St. John wants Jane to imitate his Christianity as a duty instead of a relationship and vocation. He wants her to marry him and admonishes her to forgo her own independence and possible vocation as a housewife in submission to the â€Å"will of God† and serve with him in India as a missionary. In trying to convince her of her â€Å"moral duty† and that refusing him would be refusing the will of God, Jane realizes her own Christian identity. St. John: â€Å"One fitted to my purpose, you mean—fitted to my vocation. Again I tell you it is not the insignificant private individual—the mere man, with the man’s selfish senses—I wish to mate: it is a missionary. †(p. 408) Jane: â€Å"Oh! I will give my heart to God,† I said. â€Å"You do not want it. † (p. 409) In the end, she turns away from St. John and towards a relationship in which she finds that true individual freedom is not found in loneliness and duty, but in relationships built on emotional dependency and vocation. Jane was once a stubborn and boisterous child who would fight back and stand up for herself without regard for Christian humility or values. However, with the opportunity to witness the modeling of faith of significant characters in the book Jane Eyre, Jane develops and embraces her own Christian beliefs. Helen Burns, exemplifies a devout, forgiving, and self-sacrificing faith through her gentle and calm nature and faith expression, but lacks the tenacity that is inherent to Jane’s nature. Brocklehurst’s hypocritical treatment of the girls at Lowood is an injustice that Jane is too just to ever repeat. St. John demonstrates duty versus vocation and his lack of passion contrasts with the intense need for relationship both in her relationship with God and her expression of that through her vocation as a housewife. It is through these characters that Jane encounters in the novel that she is able to learn and deepen the understanding of her own faith. In the end, it is the times of extreme distress when she turns to prayer that she finds answers in the quiet conversations between her and God. It is through all t hese encounters that Jane grows into a confident woman of Christian faith.

Sex and Gender Issues at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sex and Gender Issues at Work - Essay Example This paper dwells on a clear - cut case of Discrimination based on Sex. Under the circumstances, the client has no other alternative than to approach The Employment Tribunal to seek redressal for her grievance. The legal position with respect to the client's claim is that The Equal Pay Act of 1970(as amended on July 2003) makes it imperative for employers to pay the same wages for the same work to both men and women and that there should be no discrimination on the basis of gender. The Equal Pay Act 1970 (EPA) gives an individual a right to the same contractual pay and benefits as a person of the opposite sex in the same employment where the man and woman are doing. The E.P.A has been interpreted to cover indirect as well as direct sex discrimination. In other words, the E.P.A will be applicable to cases where the pay difference is due to a condition or practice, which applies to men and women but which adversely, affects a considerably larger proportion of one sex than the other and further, when it is not justifiable, irrespective of sex, to apply that condition or practice. Therefore, the client's employer has transgressed the law. Hence, the client can apply to The Employment Tribunal for claiming equal remuneration. The appropriate statutory procedure to be followed is that the aggrieved woman has to submit a written application regarding her grievance to her employer. After this, she has to allow twenty – eight days to elapse before she can approach The Employment Tribunal for redressal of her grievance.

Drug and Alcohol Abuse on the Police Force Essay

Drug and Alcohol Abuse on the Police Force - Essay Example d other drugs to some extent, the greatest reason being on-the-job stress – they consume them as a way of helping them deal with the stress that is related to being on their kind of job (occupational stress) (Hensaw, Murphy & Morse, 10). Genovese and Genovese who also support this point indicate that there exists a strong sub-cultural more amongst police officers, which encourages drinking both for stress-reduction as well as social purposes. In Iraqi, where addiction has increased in the course of three decades of economic hardship and war, the year 2010 saw an increase in the numbers of members of the security force who became reliant on drugs or alcohol. This raised concerns regarding a considerable problem of addiction among the armed services of this country as the insurgency continued being a strong force and as American troops prepared to depart towards the end of last year. Military and police officials in Iraqi confess that in some parts of Iraq, as many as 50% of their colleagues use drugs or alcohol while on duty. These include high-ranking officers. There is no way of knowing the correct number of the members of the security force who are dependent on drug and alcohol. However, interviews with scores of health officials, police officers, soldiers, drug dealers, pharmacists and political leaders in the country reveal that drug and alcohol abuse among the military, police and security force has become progressi vely more common and seems to have grown considerably. Although those who confess to using alcohol and drugs while on duty admit that they cause erratic behavior, they state that working at checkpoints for long hours, perpetual fear and observing the horrible deaths of their colleagues make the use of alcohol and drugs less an option than a necessity. Some senior Iraqi army and police officers declared that they were reluctant to take punitive action against drug abusers because they were usually among their most courageous fighters (Williams &

LEADERSHIP AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

LEADERSHIP AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example In order to meet the new business situation, the company had to implement many changes. This paper investigates the change that has taken place in SMC since the acquisition. The research provides company’s profile and its history as a basis for further investigation on the influence of the acquisition and a new parent Sinosteel Corporation (Sinosteel) on the Midwest Corporations. The purpose of this study was to research and critically examine the change process in SMC, analyze the impact of the change on employees and on the company as a whole. Some critical review and recommendations are based on the leadership knowledge. The methodology of the study implies a review of related academic journals that helped to examine the company’s changing process. A questionnaire was filled in by SMC employees to provide the researcher with a clear picture of how in particular the change was implemented. A list of key questions will be made for interviewing a SMC decision-making exe cutives was based on the data collected from the questionnaires and conceptual framework from the journals. 2. Introduction and Objectives The purpose of the study was to review and critically analyze the changing process that took place in Sinosteel Midwest Corporation. Before the acquisition the company was operated by its founder and several major shareholders, as top executives and broad members. Most of these executives (i.e. broad members) left the company having sold their shares to Sinosteel, the company’s current owner. The major objectives of the company were changed too. Previously, the main goal of Midwest was looking for strategic investors (business partners) to finance the company’s iron ore projects development. Midwest was then supposed to use its revenue from selling iron ore to pay back to the investors. To change the situation, Sinosteel, as one of the biggest Chinese iron ore traders, does have an ability to finance the project development and, at the same time, provides a big demand for SMC’s iron ore. Since financing is not a problem anymore, SMC’s core business has changed to work more efficiently on the development of iron ore projects. A serial of change from business strategy to organizational structure have been made to meet the new situation and new requirement. Therefore, this study has explored how the SMC’s management team designed its new strategy and new structure for them to correspond to the new conditions the company works in after the acquisition. The research also examines how the change implementing process was leaded by a new Chinese Managing Director and whether the company’s leadership was effective enough as to implement the changes successfully. The impact of the change on both SMC employees and the company in general has been reviewed. Finally, the study provides some recommendations on how such changes can be implemented more effectively and what lessons other businesses c an learn from SMC’s experience? 3 Organizational Context – Sinosteel Midwest

SOCIALIZATION - POLITICAL SCIENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SOCIALIZATION - POLITICAL SCIENCE - Essay Example The left (democrats) claim that the rights to marry should not be intruded upon. I think people should be allowed to exercise their rights (Martin 93). If homosexuals think that gay marriage is good for them, they should be permitted to do it; marry the ones they love based on their informed decisions. Also, as the left speak about their rights that gay marriages should be allowed, I am reminded of my secondary school pal who was believed to be a gay. When the suspect was discovered by other students she was neglected badly and yet nobody had a proof on the same. The student was chased from school without enough evidence; I wish there could be rights to protect such victims. Second, memories of leadership which I learned in secondary school were handy in my liberalism since I learned that institutions or parties are different from leaders. Having heard the poor representation of political parties on the right and on the left, I decided to be a liberal since I discovered that whether a leader is a republican or a democrat as long as he or she can listen to its people, the party will not matter. Based on real leadership, our county can be a good place to be due to its governance; a government for the people, of the people and by the people. Looking at the mess created by the former president of United States: Bush, in banking, market and oil issues among others, it is a fact that the mess will not be fixed by either a republican or a democrat. People might not like what Obama is doing but allow me to say he is trying. Give a Republican to rule United States but magic will not be done to fix the mess. Being a liberal I advocate for good leaders but not goo d parties; right and left will not help (Martin 100). Third, when I was in college I change my mind due to advanced level of thinking; I realized that foreigners are important people in our society since they provide labor. Many foreigners owning businesses, good cars,

Ultrasonography in Breast Cancer Research Paper - 1

Ultrasonography in Breast Cancer - Research Paper Example ult, the clinically breast lesions suspected in women who are 30 years of age or younger than that, and evaluation of the abnormalities that are seen on mammograms1. This shows that the ultrasonography is a step taken later than the mammography as it evaluates the results on the mammograms and images them. In fact, the imagers of breast cancers also believe that ultrasonography is used as the primary modality to evaluate the palpable masses seen in women older than 30 years of age and mammography, also, is an adjunctive technique. Since ultrasonography is primarily used as the evaluating step, it also helps in the guidance of biopsies, surgeries and other therapeutic procedures. The evaluating role of ultrasonography has started being used in the treatment and guidelines of breast cancer, but the research on its role in cancer screening is still not confirmed, but studies have shown several aspects to the issue. The role of ultrasonography has developed and matured over time, otherwise initially it was considered as a method which was comparatively cheaper and effective in identifying the cystic breast masses and differentiating them from the solid masses. As the research study advanced, it was established that ultrasonography is not only a method to differentiate, rather it also was useful in providing valuable information and evaluation of the nature of the solid masses and other breast lesions along with the extent to which they are present. This meant that it was an effective and an important technique in evaluating, analyzing and treating the breast cancer2. The technique of ultrasonography does not involve exposing the cancer patient to the ionizing radiation, which, according to the studies, is a factor which is more important for pregnant and young patients. For ultrasonography, the medical studies say that the patients cannot be exposed to radiation because their breasts are sensitive for radiation. This means that comparing mammography with

Modernity and Spaces of Femininity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modernity and Spaces of Femininity - Essay Example The paper "Modernity and Spaces of Femininity" focuses on the article of Griselda Pollock. The article clearly represents Pollock’s feminist views. She is a credible author being a leading cultural theorist. She has done vast research on feminist issues such as those that women encounter while living and working in societies as objects of male satisfaction rather than as important subjects that gives credit to their own abilities as women. Pollock has recommended ways to change future representations of women. She has likewise provided significant insights on voyeuristic art and ties between art and human nature. She has become an activist using a â€Å"Marxist-socialist approach to reveal the key sexual and political biases involved in the formation of the modernist movement". Currently, she is the Director for the Centre for Cultural Analysis, Theory and History at the University of Leeds with a Masters Degree in History of European Art and a PhD degree in the study of appr oaches to modernism. She is considered an academic jewel, having taught History of Art and Film in the Universities of Manchester and Leeds and an author of several books on her expertise on Art, History, Feminism and Modernism. In the article, Pollock refers mostly to paintings of renowned artists in the nineteenth century and how their work affected its viewers. She analyzed T.J. Clark’s accounts of Edoard Manet’s controversial painting, â€Å"Olympia† which shows a nude woman reclined on a bed with her hand covering her crotch., with a black lady, presumably her maid, standing beside the bed and a black cat seated at the foot of her bed. This painting was widely criticized when it was exposed to the public, and its analysis runs from shallow comments about its physical appearance to deeper critiques about societal representations during its time. Clark claims that Manet’s Olympia has been the founding monument of modern art3, embodying a shift in what spectators are accustomed to viewing and was subjected to a wide variety of interpretations. Pollock contends that Clark leans on the class system in analyzing modernist paintings. For him, Olympia’s nakedness in Manet’s ‘modernist’ painting depicted her as a lowly prostitute as opposed to heavily dressed, sophisticated and fashionable women in other paintings ascribed as coming from upper classes of society. Pollock also agrees with Clark that such artwork of women catered to a masculine audience since it provokes sexual titillation which is not expected of decent women viewers. This is what she meant by ‘masculinist myth of modernism’. Male artists reigned over modernism because they are able to express their sexuality through their art, which was not a luxury granted to women artists. Pollock confirms that there was a historical asymmetry in art in the nineteenth century due to social structuration of sexual differences which determined wha t men and women painted4. Clark indexes impressionist paintings to class formations and class identities that emerged in society, giving ‘modernity’ a wider meaning than just being up-to-date. â€Å"Modernity is a matter of representations and major myths- of a new Paris for recreation, leisure and pleasure; of nature to be enjoyed at weekends in suburbia; of the prostitute taking over and of fluidity of class in the popular spaces of entertainment†5 References were pointed to Charles Baudelaire’s essay about the modern artist being a flaneur or â€Å"

Communication In Business case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication In Business case study - Essay Example The Indian subcontinent consists of nations which are demographically very different from the Oceanic countries – cities have the dense population, it is quite common to families to live together thus coining the word ‘joint families’, and feel at unease while calling their bosses by the first names. Communication is varied during different stages of the relationship. The first stage is the initiation phase wherein verbal and written communication in form of telephonic and online interaction precedes face to face interactions. It is here that it will be found necessary to dig a little into the history of India, as cultural implications play a major role in deciding the mode organization communication being followed in a particular nation (Roberts and Tuleja 2008, 474). The nation was, practically two centuries, a colony of the erstwhile British empire. Thus English customs may be found rooted in the manner of communications. Over time, however, local mannerisms have mingled with these habits to produce a different set of rules altogether. Meeting etiquette requires a handshake when one conducts business in India. Indians, on the other hand, use a traditional variant of greeting – The Namaste. This gesture consists of bringing the palms of the two hands together at chest level along with the utterance of the word ‘Namaste’ with a slight bow of the head. It has been noted, however, that people from outside the subcontinent often use this gesture beyond necessity – it must be remembered that India still suffers from a caste-based segregation in its societal structure. It will thus be judicious to decide beforehand to decide of the necessity of such a gesture.

Critically evaluate, with recommendations, the contribution of Essay

Critically evaluate, with recommendations, the contribution of psychology to our understanding of judge and jury decision making - Essay Example nal justice system pays too much attention to psychology, it may result in excusing certain forms of criminal behaviour hence impeding the administration of justice. (Vidmar, 1989, p1-8) In relation to this, there are also certain factors that have to be considered when dealing with particular issues in the justice systems such as expert testimony. Details of psychology in the courtroom and in other aspects of the criminal and civil justice system will be examined in detail below. There are certain psychological factors that come into play when analysing the criminal and civil justice system. The first one to be considered is communication. Communication is the transmission of information. It can be divided into three main components. These are; verbal communication, vocal communication and non-verbal communication (Berger et al, 1972, p 241-255) Verbal communication involves the use of written or oral formats to convey specific messages to other parties. Vocal communication involves all the audible aspects of communication such as tone, pitch of voice, rate of speech, intonation and inflexion. In this form of communication, focus is kept on how the message is conveyed rather than the subject matter itself. Lastly, there is non-verbal communication; here, visible elements of communication are considered such as personal appearance, facial behaviours, body orientation, posture, touch, gestures, eye contact and even eye movement. Auditory cues are the main area of emphasis in this case. (Casper & Zeisel, 1992, p135-191) Psychologists assert that the most influential form of communication in the courtroom is the non-verbal form. Others have argued that in case jurors or judges are faced with situations where the statements presented to them are in contradiction with each other, then chances are that those jurors will rely on non-verbal forms of communication rather than the actual word spoken. Research has shown that many jurors have been convinced by some forms

The life of people Essay Example for Free

The life of people Essay The life of people is getting better day by day and the technology is one of factor contributing that outcome. To consider one strong economical country or developed country, people usually look at its technological system. Therefore, I strongly agree with the statement that governments should spend as much money as possible on developing or buying computer technology. Firstly, thanks to technology people can work in an efficient way. Defining the modern life, one usually sees there are more machines to help people. In addition, some countries are using the higher productivity levels in manufacturing as they can in order to increase quality and quantity of products. For instance, Japanese used to be a poor country after the World War II and they had to suffer strongly damage of the war. However, they have realized the importance of technology and have concentrated using technology to produce cars. In present time, Japan is the biggest car industry all over the world. In addition to technology also brings for human being a high quality of living. To some extent, we can easily see the helping of technology in our daily life, such as washing machine or refrigerator. People can keep food within one month, and saving many hours cleaning clothes. Without airplane technology, before if one wants to go travel between countries, he or she has to use boats or trains. It takes so much time, but now we can do that just with few hours. Finally, computer is one of the most useful study aids for students nowadays. Computers have been using widely in schools, laboratories. Students were too tired with schoolbooks, wasting time in transferring from home to school. However, now they can save all their books in their personal computer or even just stay at home and study with an internet connection. Thus, when technology invested more money, students will study easier. Technology strengthens one country indirectly this way. In conclusion, technology is one of a main factor that helps people life more productive. With the reasons I have listed above, governments should give majority amount of money in making technological industry stronger.

A project plan for interior design

A project plan for interior design Introduction: Interior design is a multi-faceted profession in which creative and technical solutions are applied within a structure to achieve a built interior environment. The interior design process follows a systematic and coordinated methodology, including research, analysis and integration of knowledge into the creative process, whereby the needs and resources of the client are satisfied to produce an interior space that fulfills the project goals. Designing is not expensive any more and every class of people can decorate their homes no matter how big the home is. Now we have developed a complete new theme for Interior Designing scheme. Interior design earnings vary based on employer, number of years with experience, and the reputation of the individual. For residential projects, self-employed interior designers usually earn a per-hour fee plus a percentage of the total cost of furniture, lighting, artwork, and other design elements. For commercial projects, they may charge per-hour fees, or a flat fee for the whole project. Project Background: We are working for our customers according to what they want. They provide us budget and we offer them different designs. Hence every type of job is challenging for us. In the following scenario we have to complete a house right from the infrastructure to the finishing. The detail is given later. The house would be built in the new locality in the lake view society and its a good view for a new home. The customer is a close relative of our senior staff member and he wants it to be completely unique. So we are trying to create some plan that would minimize our cost and maximize our profits For that purpose we would have some objectives and will have to define project scope before going to start the project plan. Project objective: The objectives are always high for our firm, As we know that the purpose of doing a work at customers will is not that easy. So by doing this project we would get following benefits in turn to achieve these would be our objective, We would get an idea about the new locality and availability of workers in that area. We will be able to attract new customers if we make that house eye catching We may get a whole new contract from the construction companies in that area and that would be an additional bonus for us. Hence by ding this task we would get a lot of positives. Many people hesitate to ask from us that what rates we are offering but if we construct that house in that locality then obviously they would be attracted and after noticing the cost they would surely come to us for that project. Project Scope: As we know that each project scope is limited to some specifications. Like this project we have a scope that is divided under the following headings. Deliverables : 1. A 2500 square foot, 2 bathroom, 5 bedroom , 1 living room, finished home 2. Kitchen complete with all the tools set : microwave, dishwasher, table 3. Fish pound in the back yard with wooden fence 4. Automatic watering plant installed in the garden Milestone: 1. Application of building approved: 20 august 2010 2. Foundation: 1 September 2010 3. Clearing exvacation ,footing , framing n drying in ,installation window n door , roofing 24 December 2010 4. Installation Electricity and Plumbing: 28 December 2010 5. Final inspection : 1 January 2011 Technical requirement: 1. Home must meet local building codes 2. All windows and doors must pass NFRIC class 40 energy ratings 3. Exterior wall insulation must meet an R factor of 21 4. Ceiling insulation wall insulation must meet an R factor of 21 5. Seizure must pass seismic stability codes Limits and Exclusions: 1. Owner responsible for landscaping 2. Refrigerator isnt included in kitchen set 3. Contractor responsible for subcontracted work 4. Any work delayed for nature risk is not contractor responsibility 5. Worker only work from monday friday at 8 am- 5 pm A style, or theme, is a consistent idea used throughout a room to create a feeling of completeness. Styles are not to be confused with design concepts, or the higher-level party, which involve a deeper understanding of the architectural context, the socio-cultural and the programmatic requirements of the client. We want to expand our business and create a monopoly in this business. This business is still out of the reach of middle class but if our business started as we have perception in our mind then our business would remove the perception from the minds of the people that having a well decorated home is an expensive task. These days having a middle class home in good locality cost round about $25000 to $100000. But they still cant get the home of their choice. After our way of thinking they would be able to build their own home in less then 35lakh. Our main target would be the newly established housing schemes, Our Marketing plan covers all these aspects and we have a well thought plan to capture these markets. Initially we are going to open an office in main market area because we want to have a good image in the minds of the people. Budget/Costing: Organization Breakdown Structure: Project Manager Operations Manager Marketing Manager Director RD Workers Architect Finance Manager Assistant Finance Manager Office Boy Security Guard HR Manager Assistant HR ManagerOrganization is break down according to our project. Each member of the team will do some worof its kind in this project. So both work break down structure and organization breakdown structure are designed to make sure smooth completion of the project. The cost is divided in these tasks and from time to time. The cost structure is given by the customers and is divided in the following way. Explanation: We have divided our work in two different situations. First one is the Organization development and how to manage our organization and the tasks performed in it. The second one is the short way in which just the operations manager will be involved to complete the project without any intervention of the team. Still it will be team task. Hence the organization member such as accountant and managers will be involved in setting the Deal. The project by the Customer is a subset of the whole project. The income statement and cost and expenditure is given on left column. Following is the projected income statement for the year 2010. . The five members will perform their tasks and then the second stage of implementation will be as shown in the diagram. Total task time is as follows. We have got 50 days to complete the project. Hence what we have in hand is these 11 tasks to be completed. Now by using our pert chart we will find out which one is the shortest path to be completed PERT CHART FOR THE INTERIOR DEISGNING In the above diagram, the A to N are 14 different tasks for our project of Interior designing. We can say them like vendering, procurement, and hiring etc. These tasks are to be performed and we have tried to make sure that the work is done quite smoothly. The critical path is the one which is mentioned with arrow head. The critical path shows the least amount of time that is required to complete the project on hand,. The tasks on same level can be eliminated and hence we can short our time frame to complete a particular task. To complete this task the total task time was 5months. Hence we have achieved our task to be very precise with this technique. The above mentioned is the gantt Chart for the project. Where A to N are projects and their task time mentioned in the table above. So to accomplish the task we will do these task simultaneously as some of these will be from different departments. Moreover, the Tasks performed in these departments are different from each other and their level is also different. Hence we can easily make sure that the project has some space to cut short in time and money. RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN; Risk Management is very necessary in Interior Designing Business like we have to be very much precise with our task and what we provide to our customers. Many customers complain that the standard was not good or the product is not delivered on time. Hence to tackle all these and more such issues we have to be pr planed about such problems. So following is the scope of our risk Management plan. As we know that in Interior Designing business we often have to deal with such type of problems like procurement. Labour force, user backlash and material delay. Hence these issues must have a first hand solution. Also its is a part of business policy and strategy. Now we have developed following points for each of such problem. Procurement problem As we know that to solve some procurement problems we must have dealers more than our basic needs so we make sure that we keep a well contacted such dealers. User Backlash It often become very difficult to deal with the users hence we have a plan to develop a form and a dually signed agreement. In which every such issue must be covered. Hence after sale service is the other solution for this problem. Labour Force: We have labour force twice the labour force that is required because we dont have to pay them a permanent amount we just hire them on daily wages. Material Delay: We keep enough inventory so that if supplies may get delayed then we keep up with the task and the work wouldnt get delayed.

Environmental Ethics And Social Responsibility

Environmental Ethics And Social Responsibility Environmental ethics has become a hot topic of the modern era. Gone are the days of our natural surroundings being an afterthought. We, as a society, are now fully aware of the natural habitat in which we are a part of, what it does for us, and what we do and can do for it. This is significant as this recognition was, for the most part, absent until just a few decades ago. The following paper will illustrate how although we have come a long way in realizing natures true essence and our negligence of this respect, we still have a lot of work to do in honing these moralistic views, because the Earth is not just for human beings and if we dont continue to acknowledge this, it may just fight back. In centuries past, society paid little attention to nature and its non-human inhabitants other than how it can benefit mankind. Whether it was for food, work, or pleasure, nature only was recognized for human gain. We were very much an anthropocentric civilization, meaning, we only assigned intrinsic value to human beings only or there was a greater intrinsic value placed on humans above all non-human life forms (Brennan Lo, 2008). It was even a strong religious belief that everything on Earth was put here by God for human consumption. Everything was assumed to be at our disposal. From trees to animals, if we had a need for it, it was used. Add to this that our population throughout history has grown exponentially and this means even more people contributing to this carelessness. Over time, individuals were not the only ones disregarding nature, entities such as businesses were too. As industries were discovered and grew they not only used our natural resources but contaminated them as well through pollution and waste. Though noted historical figures such as naturalist Aldo Leopold (1949), biologist Rachel Carson (1963) and historian Lynn White Jr. (1967) helped to pioneer environmental awareness, it wasnt until April 22, 1970 that reform really began to take place. That particular day was labeled Earth Day in the United States and it was a day used to bring consciousness to the endangerment and value of our environment (Earth Day still is recognized annually every April to this day). In addition to this event, NASA produced a shocking and enlightening image of the Earth taken from space at Christmas 1968 and featured in the Scientific American in September 1970 that really propelled public interest. Here, plain to see, was a living, shining planet voyaging through space and shared by all humanity, a precious vessel vulnerable to pollution and to the overuse of its limited capacities (Brennan Lo, 2008), concern became evident. All of the use and subsequent ab use combined with a constant booming population produced a need for a change, hence environmental ethics was born. Environmental ethics, defined, is a branch of philosophy that considers the moral relations between human beings and their natural environment; as a field of study, it assumes that humans have certain responsibilities to the natural world, and it seeks to help people and their leaders become aware of them and to act responsibly when they do things that impact the natural world (ScienceClarified, 2010). Not only do environmental ethics highlight the human mistreatment of the environment and the effects of this mistreatment, but it emphasizes nature and all living organisms as having just as much right to live/exist on this Earth as humans do. Two schools of thought, though various forms exist, are consistent with environmental ethics: deep ecology and shallow ecology. Deep ecology is a philosophical belief that all forms of life- plant, animal, human- have an intrinsic right to exist in the natural environment and that humans have a direct responsibility to maintain the environment fo r all life forms; whereas shallow ecology holds that humans have a responsibility to protect the environment so it can support human life both in the present and in the future (ScienceClarified, 2010). While deep ecology is more so the ultimate goal, both philosophies are a major change in thought when compared to our anthropocentric past. Do other species have an intrinsic right to exist? Does the Earth exist just for the benefit of humanity? Are humans responsible for being the guardians over the Earth? Do trees have any legal rights? Are we obligated to have concern for future generations? Questions such as these, among many others, are what drive environmental ethics. Now that we know what environmental ethics is and a little of its history we can take a look at where we stand today on environmental ethics. Unfortunately, today we still face an enormous amount of environmental issues which include: air and water pollution, erosion of soil, deforestation, diminishing natural resources, biodiversity destruction (plant and animal extinction), and ozone layer depletion, among others. Most of these matters were becoming a problem when we were first introduced to environmental ethics and have actually increased tenfold since. This doesnt make sense, why would these problems still exist, let alone be worse now when the human race has shown concern regarding them? The answer is not easy but it mostly has to do with human nature and overpopulation. The increase in human population increases the demands for the water resources; more land is required for housing; there is an increased demand for food for which agricultural land is needed; more fuel is requir ed; more automobiles and manufacturers cause more pollution etc.(Pillai, 2009). Compound this with the mere fact that humans always want more and something better, thus continually increasing ones lifestyle, whether it is through breakthroughs in technology or industrial progresses (among many others), takes it toll on the environment as well. Even though the realm of environmental ethics has enabled many agencies to exist, such as the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), to help monitor and regulate the people and their treatment of the environment, as well as educating them, more must be done. Looking towards the future, the function of environmental ethics will become even more substantial. As the planet is under enormous geological stresses, which are continually increasing, it will in the future no longer be able to support its population (Haan, 2009). Effort from nations, organizations, and groups are most certainly needed to improve, but our future may just depend on a better individual effort. Most people are under the impression that their individual effort is so minute in the grand scheme of things that they actually assume very little responsibility towards the environment. Another problem is that the majority of humankind doesnt understand just how their actions of today can greatly affect the future generation. Just because something that is done today doesnt have an immediate effect it is often overlooked. It is important to understand that everyone plays a role in the overall process of life; each persons decision can ultimately affect the future (Haan, 2009). Some individual efforts that can make a difference concerning our environmental future are: reducing usage of plastic since it is not biodegradable, recycling garbage, promoting the development and use of environment friendly technologies, and utilizing more organic agriculture. Another big change that may be needed, though it can be controversial, is to implement aggressing family planning to limit human population; there is only so much land available and no matter how many alterations we make in our lifestyles and mentality, too many people is too many peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but that is topic for another day. Nevertheless, our insights and actions towards the environment are critical for the future of our survival, environmental ethics are imperative. In short, if we want to see a future it is imperative that we make more of an effort to curb our indulgences as we make progress. Yes, advancement in technology, big business and the like has benefited mankind greatly but we all must keep in mind that with greater success comes greater responsibility. The study of environmental ethics has opened our eyes but we must continue to respect nature in its own right and therefore it will in turn thrive again as it once did enabling us to live as we should. Yes, it shouldnt be a give and take scenario but being the humans that we are, this is inevitable. However, just as we have taken from nature for so many years, nature can and just may take something back, it may take us, the existence of the human race, if we dont take more responsibility as individuals and as a whole and continue to push the movement.

William Faulkner :: essays research papers

Biography on William Faulkner William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi on September 25, 1897 and then moved to Oxford, Mississippi with his family at the age of 5. Most of the novels written by William Faulkner take place in the area in which he himself was born and raised. He renames Oxford and calls this place Jefferson, Mississippi. Faulkner is a contemporary American author who has achieved greatness as an author. He is already considered to be one of the world’s greatest novelists and has been awarded with the Nobel Prize for literature in 1949. This is quite an achievement as it is the highest prize that can be awarded to an author. Of all of Faulkner’s achievements, "The Sound and the Fury" is considered to be one of his greatest novels. Faulkner was part of a distinguished family in Mississippi. His name was originally spelled Falkner. The "u" was added by mistake when his first novel was published and William Falk ner decided to retain the spelling of "Faulkner". The most distinguished member of William Faulkner’s family was his great-grandfather, Confederate Colonel William Cuthbert Falkner. The Colonel first moved to Mississippi in the early part of the 19th century from his home South Carolina. Faulkner uses Colonel Falkner as a character in his novels named Colonel John Sartoris. Colonel Falkner had a notable career as a soldier in the Civil War and the Mexican War. Colonel Falkner was also a writer like his great-grandson and published one of the nation’s best sellers called "The White Rose of Memphis". Before being assassinated by a former partner in 1889, Colonel Falkner also took the time to build a railroad and run for public office. Faulkner received his initial education in Oxford, however he dropped out of high school in 1915. He attempted to join the U.S. Army but was rejected for pilot training so he joined the Canadian Royal Air Force in 1918 but the war ended before he spent any time in service. After the ending of the war, Faulkner took some classes at the University of Mississippi and spent a short time working at the university post office. The majority of his education was due to his promiscuous time he spent reading. Faulkner had started writing poetry as a young schoolboy. In 1924, he used his own financial resources and published a collection of poetry called "The Marble Faunn". William Faulkner :: essays research papers Biography on William Faulkner William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi on September 25, 1897 and then moved to Oxford, Mississippi with his family at the age of 5. Most of the novels written by William Faulkner take place in the area in which he himself was born and raised. He renames Oxford and calls this place Jefferson, Mississippi. Faulkner is a contemporary American author who has achieved greatness as an author. He is already considered to be one of the world’s greatest novelists and has been awarded with the Nobel Prize for literature in 1949. This is quite an achievement as it is the highest prize that can be awarded to an author. Of all of Faulkner’s achievements, "The Sound and the Fury" is considered to be one of his greatest novels. Faulkner was part of a distinguished family in Mississippi. His name was originally spelled Falkner. The "u" was added by mistake when his first novel was published and William Falk ner decided to retain the spelling of "Faulkner". The most distinguished member of William Faulkner’s family was his great-grandfather, Confederate Colonel William Cuthbert Falkner. The Colonel first moved to Mississippi in the early part of the 19th century from his home South Carolina. Faulkner uses Colonel Falkner as a character in his novels named Colonel John Sartoris. Colonel Falkner had a notable career as a soldier in the Civil War and the Mexican War. Colonel Falkner was also a writer like his great-grandson and published one of the nation’s best sellers called "The White Rose of Memphis". Before being assassinated by a former partner in 1889, Colonel Falkner also took the time to build a railroad and run for public office. Faulkner received his initial education in Oxford, however he dropped out of high school in 1915. He attempted to join the U.S. Army but was rejected for pilot training so he joined the Canadian Royal Air Force in 1918 but the war ended before he spent any time in service. After the ending of the war, Faulkner took some classes at the University of Mississippi and spent a short time working at the university post office. The majority of his education was due to his promiscuous time he spent reading. Faulkner had started writing poetry as a young schoolboy. In 1924, he used his own financial resources and published a collection of poetry called "The Marble Faunn".

Way of Life in Nicaragua Essay -- Geography

Way of Life in Nicaragua Most Nicaraguans are mestizos. That is that they have white and Indian ancestors. Their way of life is somewhat similar to that of Spanish Americans in other Central American countries. Most people belong to the Roman Catholic Church and speak Spanish. Most of Nicaragua's people are poor farmers. Many of those in the Pacific Region are peasants who work on their own farms, cooperatives, state farms, or large private farms. In warmer areas, agriculture workers live in metal roofed houses. In the colder areas of the Central Highlands, they live in adobe houses with tile roofs. The only Indian groups in Nicaragua that follow their own languages and their old ways of life are in the thinly populated Caribbean Region. In the early 1980's some of these Indians became involved in anti-government things. Because of this, the government moved some Indian groups from their homes near the border to areas in the interior of Nicaragua. Education Nicaragua has a law that requires children to go t... Way of Life in Nicaragua Essay -- Geography Way of Life in Nicaragua Most Nicaraguans are mestizos. That is that they have white and Indian ancestors. Their way of life is somewhat similar to that of Spanish Americans in other Central American countries. Most people belong to the Roman Catholic Church and speak Spanish. Most of Nicaragua's people are poor farmers. Many of those in the Pacific Region are peasants who work on their own farms, cooperatives, state farms, or large private farms. In warmer areas, agriculture workers live in metal roofed houses. In the colder areas of the Central Highlands, they live in adobe houses with tile roofs. The only Indian groups in Nicaragua that follow their own languages and their old ways of life are in the thinly populated Caribbean Region. In the early 1980's some of these Indians became involved in anti-government things. Because of this, the government moved some Indian groups from their homes near the border to areas in the interior of Nicaragua. Education Nicaragua has a law that requires children to go t...

Caring for Children Essay

As a social worker, it is important to follow all the legislations which are in the field of children’s rights so that all children can be safely looked after and treated with respect. The Children Act was introduced in 1989 and the Scottish children act was introduced in 2004. This act was initially designed to ensure that all local authorities were making equal provision to support young children, teenagers and their families. This act includes the support of children with disabilities when they are at the age of 18 and this comes under the NHS Community Care Act of 1990. In 1995 the Children Act was updated In Scotland with the same view that the child is still the centre of importance. The act updated the law in Scotland related to looking after children and young people. ECM was introduced in 2003. It stands for Every Child Matters. This legislation considers the well-being of children and young people from births up to age of 19. Five principles of this legislation apply to every child, whatever their background and circumstance is. All children should be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and experience an economic well-being. All organisations working with children and young people must work together to protect children from harm and help them to achieve their goals. Information will be gathered concerning vulnerable groups so that support strategies can be put in place. Children and young people will be involved in the process of decision making. The first Children’s Commissioner for the UK was appointed in the year of 2005 to help give children and young people some input into the government. The Young Persons and Children Act was introduced in 1933. It is an act that puts all the children protection acts together so it comes under as one act. The purpose of this act is to refurbish the statutory framework for the care system in the UK and Wales. This forms a segment of the government’s programme to ensure the children the highest quality of care and support. The Act provides services which are linked to children’s well-being and young people’s well-being, private fostering, child death notification to the Local Safeguarding Boards and suitable national authorities, the powers of the Secretary of State will conduct a research and applications for the discharge of Emergency Protection Orders. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child was introduced in 1989. This ac is an international agreement that considers the rights of all  children and young people. It is made up of 54 articles covering a variety of rights, including the right to be free from violence, the right to play, the right to express themselves and have their views taken into account. This convention provides extra rights to ensure that children and young people living away from home and those who have disabilities are treated fairly and their specific needs are met. The Human Rights Act was introduced in 1998. It came into force in England and Wales in the year 2000 and includes the European Convention on Human Rights into the national legislative framework. This Act enables young people, children and adults to look for protection of their rights both nationally and internationally via the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. The Data Protection Act was introduced in 1998 and it prevents private information from being misusedÃ'Ž

Ethics, What Is Ethics Essay

What Is Ethics? Ethics is the part of philosophy that deals with good and evil. Ethics tries to answer questions like: †¢What actions are good? What actions are evil? †¢How can we tell the difference? †¢Are good and evil the same for everyone? †¢How should we make hard decisions that might help or hurt other people? The Four main studies of ethics are; †¢Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning of moral propositions and ethical opinions; †¢Normative ethics, an abstract set of principles to distinguish right from wrong †¢Applied ethics, about how moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations; †¢Descriptive ethics is the study of people’s beliefs about morality, what ethical beliefs people have; Ethics seeks to resolve questions dealing with human morality. Meta-ethics is a field within philosophy that seeks to understand the nature of normative ethics. The focus of meta-ethics is on how we understand, know about, and what we mean when we talk about what is right and what is wrong. It’s the mean of ethical opinions, but the opinions have to be justified. Normative ethics is the study of ethical action. It is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the set of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act, morally speaking. There are two types of normative ethics; Relativist and absolutist. Relativist ethics have flexible rules surrounding ethics so to get the best possible outcome for everyone where as with absolutist views, the rules are non negotiable, you must follow them no matter what the outcome. Applied ethics attempts to apply ethical theory to real-life situations. Applied ethics is used by individuals facing difficult decisions. The sort of questions addressed by applied ethics include: â€Å"Is getting an abortion immoral?† â€Å"Is euthanasia immoral?† â€Å"Is affirmative action right or wrong?† â€Å"What are human rights, and how do we determine them?† â€Å"Do animals have rights as well?† and â€Å"Do individuals have the right of self determination?† It is the study of human morals, and issues of moral concerns. Applied ethics are open to debate. Descriptive ethics are the ethical beliefs people actually have. Its examination of ethics doesn’t start with a preconceived theory, but it investigates observations of actual choices made by people in practice. Some philosophers rely on descriptive ethics and choices made and unchallenged by a society or culture to derive categories, which typically vary by context. This can lead to situational ethics and situated ethics. Utilitarianism; is an ethical theory that argues the proper course of action is one that maximizes overall â€Å"happiness†. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are influential supporters of this. Bentham says ‘it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong’. This form of utilitarianism holds that what matters is the total happiness; the happiness of everyone and not the happiness of any particular person. John Stuart Mill, in his exposition of hedonistic utilitarianism, proposed a hierarchy of pleasures, meaning that the pursuit of certain kinds of pleasure is more highly valued than the pursuit of other pleasures. Deontology; deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek â€Å"duty†) is an approach to ethics that determines goodness or rightness from examining acts, or the rules and duties that the person doing the act tried to fulfil. In deontology, an act may be considered right even if the act produces a bad consequence if it follows the rule that â€Å"one should do unto others as they would have done unto them†, and even if the person who does the act lacks virtue and had a bad intention in doing the act. According to deontology, we have a duty to act in a way that does those things that are inherently good as acts, or follow an obligatory rule (as in rule utilitarianism). For deontologists, the ends or consequences of our actions are not important in and of themselves, and our intentions are not important in and of themselves.

Beauty Pageants

Did beauty pageants go a bit too far? According to Oxford, beauty pageants are public entertainment contests of a procession of people in elaborate, colorful costumes, or an outdoor performance of a historical scene; however, child beauty pageants according to Wikipedia child beauty pageants are beauty contests that feature contestants up to 18 years of age; however, Competition categories may include interviews, talents, swim wear, casual wear, western wear, theme wear, etc.Contingent on the type of pageant system competitors may be seen with elaborate hairstyles, or wearing makeup as well as and custom designed, fitted outfits to fit their act on stage. There are a lot cons and pros to participating in beauty pageants. The most effected by such pageants are children, who are mostly hopeless and do not have a say in such things. In this essay I will be discussing how child beauty pageants are harmful to members psychological healthiness, developing superficial values that would dist ract from family relations and mess-up the natural progression of infantile or childhood, and promote a degrading prospect of women.The negative outcome of these pageants on the health of our children is becoming very scary and concerning. To begun with, beauty Pageants tend to cause psychological issues that may appear as sicknesses later on in their life, and members grow up in a mood where they absorb fake, damaged values. Such Pageants, effect children, especially girls in a very harmful way leading to anxiety, Paranoia, low self esteem, feelings of inferiority , bulimia, depression ,anorexia ,etc. Nevertheless, these are just the early effects of competition on young girls.The worst part is that those little innocent girls or boys are stuck in between two horrible extremes, which are the two feelings of wining, or losing. Experiencing such feelings at a young age is definitely unhealthy for children. â€Å"This study evaluated the association between childhood beauty pageants and adult disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, depression, and self-esteem. Eleven women who participated in childhood beauty pageants were matched on age and BMI with 11 non-participating women.Childhood pageant participants scored higher on body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation than non-participants, and showed a trend toward greater ineffectiveness. There were no significant differences between groups on measures of bulimia, body perception, depression, and self-esteem. These findings suggest childhood beauty pageant participation may influence adult body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation, but not bulimic behaviors, body perception, depression, and self-esteem† (Gold, Eating Disorders).Secondly, childhood is a precious moment of a person’s life that should be churched and lived to its fullest; nonetheless, these beauty pageants cause Little girls to start developing superficial values such as the importunacy of looks over everything, conformity to the sick society, growing radical measures looks and wanting to be perfect, and lastly trying to fit the ideal. All those superficial values lead to producing, superficial women that will raise a generation under poisoned values.Beauty pageants teach little girls that in order to succeed in life it is acceptable to be two-faced and shallow. Conversely, media also helps in convincing little girls to be dependent on others' opinions and decisions for themselves, which is considered a big negative vibe. â€Å"Author's abstract: Child beauty pageants are a phenomenon in rural communities throughout Georgia. My belief is that most of those who compete in these pageants are from the lower socio-economic bracket, participating for a multitude of reasons.A bricolage of post-structural feminism, critical ethnography, critical hermeneutics and cultural studies lenses will analyze how the performances of participants and the power exercised by the beauty pageant culture work to formulate girls' identities. Analysis will also include how power operates to perpetuate this subculture and its right to dictate norms for beauty and acceptance and will be situated in the culture of girlhood. Examination of what is depicted in popular culture through videos, documentaries, and television shows will also occur.I suggest that the rural beauty pageant culture does work to create girlhood identity and a way in which the participants view the world and themselves. In fact, I believe that the rural beauty pageant culture does intricate cultural work in terms of gender and class† (Thompson, Reynolds, Trailer park royalty). Superficial values can distract from many important things such as family life, which is a very important component in the raising of each child. Messing up the natural progression of childhood can have unpleasant consequences that can lead to bigger issues.Lastly, Children are innocent creatures that should live their childhood without the interference of media, and sick minded people. The sexualisation and Materialization of these young girls is highly wrong, and also leads to degrading the female gender, and lastly places them in danger of being sexually harassed. Taking advantage of such innocent creatures is highly immoral, and should be punished for. Beauty pageants opened the doors for sexual harassers, by allowing little girls to do sexual routines or to wear sexual outfits.The issue of sexualizing children is a dominant issue that seams to be pushed and encouraged by the media: â€Å"stealing away a child's innocence by portraying her in the suggestive pose of a sexualized nymphet †¦ when her sense of self-worth is defined largely through a notion of beauty that is †¦ such relations is that the identities of the young girls who enter the pageants become meaningful† (Giroux, Stealing innocence). Media and beauty pageants Degrades the image of both women and girl s around the world, therefor each and every one of us should act against such things that put us, and the next generations in danger . Beauty Pageants Children's beauty pageants have been around for a long time. Toddlers and Tiaras is a show, based on mothers living their dream lives through their children. The mothers dress their young girls as if they are grown models. My out look on the whole situation is that little 5 year old girls, should not be competing in beauty pagents. Fake teeth, tans, eye lashes, and hair make these children look as though they are in their teens. No child should have to compete in looking â€Å"beautiful† or â€Å"the best†. Children their ages should be happy and not care what people think.Most children in their age groups are playing outside, not caring what their hair and makeup looks like. They are little girls, not teenagers. The parents of these little girls expect more from these children then they should. The outer beauty of these girls, seems more important than inner. I don't agree with the way these children are being raised, but it's the parents who choose to do this to their children. As for these children, as they grow up they will be held high above everyone and will not understand what it's like to work for things.One of the arguments against children's beauty pageants has to do with pedophilia and that this may encourage that. What I'm most concerned about is the message that it sends to girls and the unhealthy relationships that it perpetuates between parent and child. The worst part of the whole situation is that the children are going on stage dancing provocatively and â€Å"flirting† with the judges. As young as these children are they should not even know how to dance or â€Å"flirt† like they do. While I don't believe that it encourages pedophilia, it certainly will give that child a warped sense of the importance of female sexuality.Throughout the show there are many pageants distributed, but the ones that I've seen on the shows are the â€Å"Glitz† pageants. During the â€Å"Glitz† pageants the girls are expected to have spray tans, pounds of makeup, flippers; fake teeth, and fake hair. Its one thing to apply some lip gloss and a few hot rollers. It's another to make a 5 year old resemble a Vegas show girl. If there is going to be a pageant for children that involves beauty, at least it should involve the child's natural beauty and features.One of the arguments for pageants is that it promotes self confidence and that the children have fun doing it. As this may be true, the children are being taught at a very young age that it is okay to dress, dance and act inappropriate to get attention. The only thing these pageants are teaching children is that wearing pounds of makeup, and looking like a Barbie doll, is okay. As these children grow, they will hold themselves above everyone, and will expect everyone to treat them as if they are perfect. Beauty Pageants Did beauty pageants go a bit too far? According to Oxford, beauty pageants are public entertainment contests of a procession of people in elaborate, colorful costumes, or an outdoor performance of a historical scene; however, child beauty pageants according to Wikipedia child beauty pageants are beauty contests that feature contestants up to 18 years of age; however, Competition categories may include interviews, talents, swim wear, casual wear, western wear, theme wear, etc.Contingent on the type of pageant system competitors may be seen with elaborate hairstyles, or wearing makeup as well as and custom designed, fitted outfits to fit their act on stage. There are a lot cons and pros to participating in beauty pageants. The most effected by such pageants are children, who are mostly hopeless and do not have a say in such things. In this essay I will be discussing how child beauty pageants are harmful to members psychological healthiness, developing superficial values that would dist ract from family relations and mess-up the natural progression of infantile or childhood, and promote a degrading prospect of women.The negative outcome of these pageants on the health of our children is becoming very scary and concerning. To begun with, beauty Pageants tend to cause psychological issues that may appear as sicknesses later on in their life, and members grow up in a mood where they absorb fake, damaged values. Such Pageants, effect children, especially girls in a very harmful way leading to anxiety, Paranoia, low self esteem, feelings of inferiority , bulimia, depression ,anorexia ,etc. Nevertheless, these are just the early effects of competition on young girls.The worst part is that those little innocent girls or boys are stuck in between two horrible extremes, which are the two feelings of wining, or losing. Experiencing such feelings at a young age is definitely unhealthy for children. â€Å"This study evaluated the association between childhood beauty pageants and adult disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, depression, and self-esteem. Eleven women who participated in childhood beauty pageants were matched on age and BMI with 11 non-participating women.Childhood pageant participants scored higher on body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation than non-participants, and showed a trend toward greater ineffectiveness. There were no significant differences between groups on measures of bulimia, body perception, depression, and self-esteem. These findings suggest childhood beauty pageant participation may influence adult body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation, but not bulimic behaviors, body perception, depression, and self-esteem† (Gold, Eating Disorders).Secondly, childhood is a precious moment of a person’s life that should be churched and lived to its fullest; nonetheless, these beauty pageants cause Little girls to start developing superficial values such as the importunacy of looks over everything, conformity to the sick society, growing radical measures looks and wanting to be perfect, and lastly trying to fit the ideal. All those superficial values lead to producing, superficial women that will raise a generation under poisoned values.Beauty pageants teach little girls that in order to succeed in life it is acceptable to be two-faced and shallow. Conversely, media also helps in convincing little girls to be dependent on others' opinions and decisions for themselves, which is considered a big negative vibe. â€Å"Author's abstract: Child beauty pageants are a phenomenon in rural communities throughout Georgia. My belief is that most of those who compete in these pageants are from the lower socio-economic bracket, participating for a multitude of reasons.A bricolage of post-structural feminism, critical ethnography, critical hermeneutics and cultural studies lenses will analyze how the performances of participants and the power exercised by the beauty pageant culture work to formulate girls' identities. Analysis will also include how power operates to perpetuate this subculture and its right to dictate norms for beauty and acceptance and will be situated in the culture of girlhood. Examination of what is depicted in popular culture through videos, documentaries, and television shows will also occur.I suggest that the rural beauty pageant culture does work to create girlhood identity and a way in which the participants view the world and themselves. In fact, I believe that the rural beauty pageant culture does intricate cultural work in terms of gender and class† (Thompson, Reynolds, Trailer park royalty). Superficial values can distract from many important things such as family life, which is a very important component in the raising of each child. Messing up the natural progression of childhood can have unpleasant consequences that can lead to bigger issues.Lastly, Children are innocent creatures that should live their childhood without the interference of media, and sick minded people. The sexualisation and Materialization of these young girls is highly wrong, and also leads to degrading the female gender, and lastly places them in danger of being sexually harassed. Taking advantage of such innocent creatures is highly immoral, and should be punished for. Beauty pageants opened the doors for sexual harassers, by allowing little girls to do sexual routines or to wear sexual outfits.The issue of sexualizing children is a dominant issue that seams to be pushed and encouraged by the media: â€Å"stealing away a child's innocence by portraying her in the suggestive pose of a sexualized nymphet †¦ when her sense of self-worth is defined largely through a notion of beauty that is †¦ such relations is that the identities of the young girls who enter the pageants become meaningful† (Giroux, Stealing innocence). Media and beauty pageants Degrades the image of both women and girl s around the world, therefor each and every one of us should act against such things that put us, and the next generations in danger . Beauty Pageants Did beauty pageants go a bit too far? According to Oxford, beauty pageants are public entertainment contests of a procession of people in elaborate, colorful costumes, or an outdoor performance of a historical scene; however, child beauty pageants according to Wikipedia child beauty pageants are beauty contests that feature contestants up to 18 years of age; however, Competition categories may include interviews, talents, swim wear, casual wear, western wear, theme wear, etc.Contingent on the type of pageant system competitors may be seen with elaborate hairstyles, or wearing makeup as well as and custom designed, fitted outfits to fit their act on stage. There are a lot cons and pros to participating in beauty pageants. The most effected by such pageants are children, who are mostly hopeless and do not have a say in such things. In this essay I will be discussing how child beauty pageants are harmful to members psychological healthiness, developing superficial values that would dist ract from family relations and mess-up the natural progression of infantile or childhood, and promote a degrading prospect of women.The negative outcome of these pageants on the health of our children is becoming very scary and concerning. To begun with, beauty Pageants tend to cause psychological issues that may appear as sicknesses later on in their life, and members grow up in a mood where they absorb fake, damaged values. Such Pageants, effect children, especially girls in a very harmful way leading to anxiety, Paranoia, low self esteem, feelings of inferiority , bulimia, depression ,anorexia ,etc. Nevertheless, these are just the early effects of competition on young girls.The worst part is that those little innocent girls or boys are stuck in between two horrible extremes, which are the two feelings of wining, or losing. Experiencing such feelings at a young age is definitely unhealthy for children. â€Å"This study evaluated the association between childhood beauty pageants and adult disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, depression, and self-esteem. Eleven women who participated in childhood beauty pageants were matched on age and BMI with 11 non-participating women.Childhood pageant participants scored higher on body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation than non-participants, and showed a trend toward greater ineffectiveness. There were no significant differences between groups on measures of bulimia, body perception, depression, and self-esteem. These findings suggest childhood beauty pageant participation may influence adult body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust, and impulse dysregulation, but not bulimic behaviors, body perception, depression, and self-esteem† (Gold, Eating Disorders).Secondly, childhood is a precious moment of a person’s life that should be churched and lived to its fullest; nonetheless, these beauty pageants cause Little girls to start developing superficial values such as the importunacy of looks over everything, conformity to the sick society, growing radical measures looks and wanting to be perfect, and lastly trying to fit the ideal. All those superficial values lead to producing, superficial women that will raise a generation under poisoned values.Beauty pageants teach little girls that in order to succeed in life it is acceptable to be two-faced and shallow. Conversely, media also helps in convincing little girls to be dependent on others' opinions and decisions for themselves, which is considered a big negative vibe. â€Å"Author's abstract: Child beauty pageants are a phenomenon in rural communities throughout Georgia. My belief is that most of those who compete in these pageants are from the lower socio-economic bracket, participating for a multitude of reasons.A bricolage of post-structural feminism, critical ethnography, critical hermeneutics and cultural studies lenses will analyze how the performances of participants and the power exercised by the beauty pageant culture work to formulate girls' identities. Analysis will also include how power operates to perpetuate this subculture and its right to dictate norms for beauty and acceptance and will be situated in the culture of girlhood. Examination of what is depicted in popular culture through videos, documentaries, and television shows will also occur.I suggest that the rural beauty pageant culture does work to create girlhood identity and a way in which the participants view the world and themselves. In fact, I believe that the rural beauty pageant culture does intricate cultural work in terms of gender and class† (Thompson, Reynolds, Trailer park royalty). Superficial values can distract from many important things such as family life, which is a very important component in the raising of each child. Messing up the natural progression of childhood can have unpleasant consequences that can lead to bigger issues.Lastly, Children are innocent creatures that should live their childhood without the interference of media, and sick minded people. The sexualisation and Materialization of these young girls is highly wrong, and also leads to degrading the female gender, and lastly places them in danger of being sexually harassed. Taking advantage of such innocent creatures is highly immoral, and should be punished for. Beauty pageants opened the doors for sexual harassers, by allowing little girls to do sexual routines or to wear sexual outfits.The issue of sexualizing children is a dominant issue that seams to be pushed and encouraged by the media: â€Å"stealing away a child's innocence by portraying her in the suggestive pose of a sexualized nymphet †¦ when her sense of self-worth is defined largely through a notion of beauty that is †¦ such relations is that the identities of the young girls who enter the pageants become meaningful† (Giroux, Stealing innocence). Media and beauty pageants Degrades the image of both women and girl s around the world, therefor each and every one of us should act against such things that put us, and the next generations in danger .