Little Red Riding Hood Analysis Essay -- Fairytale Literary Analysis

Little Red Riding Hood can no drawn-out be considered a frail child without any control over what becomes of herself. Instead, Angela Carter makes the moral of this traditional fairytale into a modern day lesson you can do anything. With great detail does Carter present her scope, which adds to the fearfulness the reader feels for Red as she encounters the wolf. As a result, we begin to fear the wolves as well, because in this small small t avouch wolves are more than mere beasts, they are were-wolves. Carter sets the scene for our pre-adult heroine who is afraid of nothing even though the whole town is ripe with fear. Women and children are taught to stay in spite of appearance at night while the men fear for their own humanity. Despite all of this Little Red Riding Hood has no qualms about setting off into the woods to get to grandmas house. Why does she not fear what all girls do? Based off the feministic elements, the act of sacrifice and applying our own abilities to a situa tion we understand much more about Red than before.It is a tale of girl becoming . . . more than just meat or nourishment for the quest. states Wendy Swyt about Carters version of Little Red. The idea that Little Red knew what she was giving up in order to gain her life gives a dismay realism to difficult decisions we must face in our own lives. Swyt gives the understanding that Little Red has something to teach us yes, but maybe for Carter that lesson surely is not dont talk to strangers. In fact, I argue Carter wants us to, because only in this way can we prove ourselves. In Girards power and the Sacred, violence and the act of sacrifice is a way for society to be kept in balance. Not only is Little Red a victim, so are the were-wolves in this story. Specifi... ...d the ability to manipulate, the situation one can turn a bad situation into one that need not be feared.Works CitedCarter, Angela. The Company of Wolves. The Bloody Chamber. Penguin Books. New York 1979. Pages 110 11 8Girard Rene. Violence and the Sacred. Excerpt from Chapter One Sacrifice. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore Maryland 1977. Pages 2-16Swyt, Wendy. Wolfings Angela Carters becoming-narrative. Studies in Short Fiction 33.3 (1996) 315+. Literature imagery Center. Web. 30 Nov. 2010.Zipes, Jack. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. The Trials and Tribulations of Little Red Riding Hood. Routledge, 1993. 17-88. Rpt. in Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 56. Detroit Gale Group, 2000. Literature Resource Center. Web. 29 NOV. 2010.

Corporate Social Responsibility with HIV / AIDS Drugs :: Social Responsibility Essays

Each year, just three diseases kill 5.4 million deal worldwide. Malaria kills at least one million, mainly in ontogeny countries, with 90% of the deaths in Africa. Tuberculosis causes 1.9 million deaths a year, almost all of them in developing countries, where resistance to the five major anti-tubercular drugs is spreading. Some 400,000 of the tuberculosis victims are also HIV positive. The yearly death toll for HIV/Aids is almost 2.5 million, with near 1.8 million concentrated in the Sub-Saharan Africa The Times Higher 20/07/01 Assess the responsibilities of the pharmaceutical companies for providing low cost drugs to the poor people in the developing countries. There is no generally accepted interpretation for corporate social responsibility (CSR), although various theorists have attempted to surmise one. One useful exposition is provided by Archie Carroll (1979) The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethica l and discretionary expectations that society has of organisations at a given point in time Another definition is offered by Kok et al The obligation of the firm to use its resources in ways to benefit society, through committed participation as a member of society, winning into account the society at large and improving the welfare of society at large independent of direct gains of the company. An alternative definition by Frederick et al (1988) business and society are interdependent and co-exist, with business using societys resources and, in turn, fulfilling economic needs and changing social goals Thus, business and society are skip by a reciprocal social contract which is seen as the core idea of corporate social responsibility These definitions encapsulate the notion that business has a responsibility to society as a whole, aside from the basic profit maximising ideas dictated by traditional free-market theory. in direct contrast from the ho ly economic sense of increasing shareholder wealth (Friedman, 1970) that it is a fundamentally a subversive doctrine. In the pharmaceutical industry has ia system that produces drugs in two categories. Category A would include drugs for conditions like

William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew Essay -- William Shakesp

William Shakespeares The Taming of the ShrewThe Taming of the Shrew could either be seen as offensive oracceptable to wowork force dependant upon the era of which they lived (16thcentury-the stream of Shakespeare, or the 21st century). Act 4 conniption 1is a main focal point to debate whether the play is seen as offensiveto wo custody.In Shakespeares time, women were not case-hardened humanely besides more likeobjects. Men were seen as the superior sex of which had completecontrol over women and could marry who of all time they wanted. The women hadno say in who they married. Basically the two sexes were not treatedequally. Also women could not go to school, but had to stay at home to hit and clean. Men could also bet on the behaviour of their wives tosee which is the tamest. Obviously a lot has changed sinceShakespearian times and men and women are now treated equally and havethe same rights as each other. Women can go to school and also choosewho they want to marry. In the Sha kespearian time the male person superiorityetc would have been classed as acceptable and normal, but a modernaudience would be flabbergasted if they saw a man bidding with thewomans soda water to marry her.Throughout Act 4 Scene 1, there are examples of the bad treatmentPetruchio forces against KatherinaI tell thee, Kate, twas burnt and dried away, And I expressly amforbid to touch it, Act 4 Scene 1, Line 152-3.This quote shows that Petruchio is denying Katherina food by saying itis burnt and later on in his speech that burnt meat produced an excessof the choleric humour, which caused anger. We know he is lying justto make Katherina starve in order to tame her. This could definatelybe seen as offensive or even a crime for denyin... ...lso the decisions were made not in the sistersinterests.In Act 5 Scene 2 the men bet on whose wife is most obedientLets each one send unto his wife and he whose wife is mostobedient to come at first when he doth send for her shall win thewager which we will propose Act 5 Scene 2, Line 66-9.This again shows the women as objects and links to wealth. The men arethe superior sex, which have control over all including their wives.My conclusion is, that The Taming of the Shrew could definately beseen as offensive to women, especially in Act 4 Scene 1. The women areshown as betting objects and opportunities to gain in wealth andrespect. They were tamed to be the perfect wives through starvationand captivity. Everything that was forced upon the women, were not totheir best interests, but to the interests of the person doing it tothem.

Homosexuality and Misogyny in Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein essay

Homo cozyity and Misogyny in Frankenstein In Mary Shelleys novel, Victor Frankenstein suffers an extreme psychological crisis adjacent his violation of what is considered a fundamental biological principle. His creation of life undermines the role of women in his life and the role of sexuality, and allows existing misogynist and homosexual tendencies to surface. Victor represses what he has uncovered about himself, and it merges into a cohesive whole in his psyche that becomes projected on the instrument of revelation, the monster. Victors creation allows him to split his sexuality into independent components. on that point are three fundamental purposes to sexuality presented in Mary Shelleys narrative the psychological benefits of companionship, the unique physical pleasures of sexuality, and the desire to pass on ones genes and behaviors through procreation. In social animals, the process of choosing partners for sexual intercourse and companionship is founded on reproductiv e goals. Victors ability to create life independently eliminates the importance of reproduction in choosing companions and sexual partners. Each of the three elements of Victors sexuality become separated, and then associated with his principal contemporaries, the people closest to him Henry Clerval as companionship, Elizabeth Lavenza as reproduction, and the monster as sexual pleasure. Elizabeth at one time or another represents all female roles to Victor. In turn, she is Victors cousin, sister, mother, and wife. These are not figurative relationships, implied by the text they are actual labels utilize to Elizabeth, by Victors parents while he is still a child. When she joins the family, she is his cousin, a... ... kill his brother, and to be rid of Elizabeth and also of the conflict that his relationship with Clerval brings. The implication is that anyone who follows the split to its logical demonstration will find themselves in crisis, when they inevitably upset their mental balance, as Frankenstein did in rejecting women. Works Cited Lowe-Evans, Mary. Frankenstein Mary Shellys Wedding Guest. New York Twayne Publishers, 1993. Maslow. A.H A theory of human motivation (Psycol. Rev, 50, 370-396, 1943) Oates, Joyce Carol. Frankenstein foundation as Catastrophe. Mary Shellys Frankenstein. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein Or the Modern Prometheus. New York Penguin Books, 1978. Tropp, Martin. Mary Shellys Monster. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1976.

Pictures of War that Wilfred Owen’s Poems Create :: Anthem for Doomed Youth Disabled Essays

Pictures of War that Wilfred Owens Poems CreateWilfred Owen was born in Shropshire in 1893 he grew up in the northof England. Doing successfully well in school Wilfred wanted to go touniversity. As a consequence of his farmers job he could not afford toparticipate in university. His father was a railway worker andtherefore didnt earn much money. Instead of spending his next a couple of(prenominal)years in college, Wilfred immigrated to France to take up a career inteaching at his time in Berlitz School, the Great War, commonly knownas World War 1, was undergoing its birth and war was later declaredin 1914. Two years after settling in France Wilfred decided to sign upin training to be an army officer. And later joined the regiments in1916 posted at the River Somme. In March 1917 he was temporarilydischarged from the figurehead line because of concussion. Owen re-joinedthe battalion soon after the accident. Unfortunately he was once againseized from the front line as a result of shel l saccade. In June 1917he was transferred to a hospital called Craiglockart, near Edinburgh.Here he met a poet named Siegfried Sassoon. As Wilfred had alreadystarted drafting poems, Sassoon helped Owen re-draft them to improvethem immensely. More than a fistful of poems were produced by the two.Wilfreds first work was published in 1918, just before he returned tothe front line. In September, Owen was awarded the military cross.Wilfred later dies on an struggle on the Oise-Sombre canal.I am going to analyse and show incite to his three most famous poemsAnthem for blasted youth, Dulce et decorum and disabled.Anthem for doomed youth is a relatively short poem, but the sayingless is more is definitely relevant in this case. The title alonerepresents an anthem a song or prayer, for the futile soldiers. Themain technique used is the question and answer method. The first lineis the questionWhat passing bells for these who die as cattle?This is comparing the soldiers to cattle and stat ing that in thebattlefield the soldiers die in such great masses that they can beeasily compared to cattle who get remove in slaughtered houses.Only the stuttering rifles rapid rattleThis line contains onomatopoeia Stuttering rifles.... Thisrepresents the sound the guns make when fired. Also this line hasalliteration Rifles rapid rattle. This helps you set the scene ofthe massacring battlefield. The poem has avatar within itOnly the monstrous anger of the gunsThis illustrates that the gun has anger, a personality if you will.Which theoretically speaking is incorrect.

Pictures of War that Wilfred Owen’s Poems Create :: Anthem for Doomed Youth Disabled Essays

Pictures of War that Wilfred Owens Poems CreateWilfred Owen was born in Shropshire in 1893 he grew up in the northof England. Doing successfully well in school Wilfred wanted to go touniversity. As a consequence of his farmers job he could non afford toparticipate in university. His father was a railway worker andtherefore didnt earn much money. Instead of spending his next feweryears in college, Wilfred immigrated to France to take up a career inteaching at his time in Berlitz School, the Great War, commonly knownas World War 1, was undergoing its birth and war was later declaredin 1914. Two years after settling in France Wilfred decided to sign upin training to be an army officer. And later joined the regiments in1916 posted at the River Somme. In March 1917 he was temporarilydischarged from the front man line because of concussion. Owen re-joinedthe battalion soon after the accident. Unfortunately he was once againseized from the front line as a result of shell black eye. In J une 1917he was transferred to a hospital called Craiglockart, near Edinburgh.Here he met a poet named Siegfried Sassoon. As Wilfred had alreadystarted drafting poems, Sassoon helped Owen re-draft them to improvethem immensely. More than a smattering of poems were produced by the two.Wilfreds first work was published in 1918, just before he returned tothe front line. In September, Owen was awarded the military cross.Wilfred later dies on an bombardment on the Oise-Sombre canal.I am going to analyse and show incite to his three most famous poemsAnthem for luckless youth, Dulce et decorum and disabled.Anthem for doomed youth is a relatively short poem, but the sayingless is more is definitely relevant in this case. The title alonerepresents an anthem a song or prayer, for the futile soldiers. Themain technique used is the question and answer method. The first lineis the questionWhat passing bells for these who die as cows?This is comparing the soldiers to cattle and stating that in thebattlefield the soldiers die in such great masses that they can beeasily compared to cattle who get dispatch in slaughtered houses.Only the stuttering rifles rapid rattleThis line contains onomatopoeia Stuttering rifles.... Thisrepresents the sound the guns make when fired. Also this line hasalliteration Rifles rapid rattle. This helps you set the scene ofthe massacring battlefield. The poem has avatar within itOnly the monstrous anger of the gunsThis illustrates that the gun has anger, a personality if you will.Which theoretically speaking is incorrect.

Historical Perspective of Alcoholism

Introduction Alcohol is the oldest and still probably the most widely used drug today. nigh consider alcohol as an opponent but hu worldly concern racey consider it as an ally. Moderate amounts stimulate the mind and relax the muscles, but larger amounts debase coordination and judgment, finally producing coma and death. It is an addictive drug leading to alcoholism. Alcohol is cognise since antiquity to have some therapeutic value. Opium and alcohol had long been used as analgesics. Greek medicine had employed fuddle and vinegar in wound care. Now we know that alcohol is a good antiseptic.Alcohol has other value in modern medicine such as pain relief, delay labor, raising HDL level, etc. Pure ethanol is a colorless, flammable lucid (boiling point 78. 5? C). Ethanol, produced by fermentation as in wine or beer or by synthesis, is a dilute solution and must be concentrated by distillate for making other alcoholic bever successions or pure ethanol for injections. This article wil l review the origins of alcohol and its many uses throughout history. Early Alcoholism Since antiquity, alcohol-containing beverages played a vital set forth in the daily lives of ancient wad.Beer, from fermented barley, is the earliest known alcoholic drink to man. Beer was an integral part of their religious ceremonies and mythology. Early civilizations found the mood-altering properties of beer supernatural, and the newfound state of intoxication was considered divine. Beer, it was thought, must contain a spirit or god, since drinking the liquid so possess the spirit of the drinker. Remnants of this belief persist to modern times. We still refer to alcohol and alcoholic beverages as spirits. The mouth of a perfectly happy man is filled with beer, is an ancient Egyptian proverb. Indeed, numerous ancient Egyptian letterings and documents show that beer, together with bread, was a daily food. Beer was an burning(prenominal) offering to the gods, and was placed in tombs for the af terlife. An inscription in the tomb of Ramses II (c. 1200 B. C. ) reads And thou shall give me to eat until I am satisfied, and thou shalt give to me beer until I am drunk. The ancient Greeks called beer zythos, which was derived from the Egyptian denomination zythum.The Romans brewed and drank cerevisia, named after Ceres, the goddess of agriculture. The Romans had a god Dionysus, or Bacchus, the god of wine, who they worshipped in bouts of alcoholic frenzy. The hangover plagued mankind. It was a top medical exam priority in the long time of ancient Egypt. Cabbage juice was the Pharaohs remedy. For many hundreds of years we have looked upon this old wives tale with amusement. However, recent scientific studies have shown that cabbage juice hobo chelate some of alcohols byproducts after the liver has detoxified it.Ancient cultures brewed beer for religious ceremonies as well as for their own enjoyment. Drinking beer was the principal message by which worshippers achieved relig ious ecstasy. Beer occupied a major role in ancient literary repertoire. For example, the Finnish poetic saga, Kalewala, has 400 verses devoted to beer but unless 200 were needed for the creation of the earth. According to the Edda, the cracking Nordic epic, wine was reserved for the gods, beer belonged to mortals, and mead an alcoholic drink of fermented honey and water to inhabitants of the realm of the dead.Although beer and create from raw stuff was known in many ancient cultures, the oldest proven records of brewing are about 5,500 years old and can be traced to Mesopotamia ancient Iraq. A vast repository of cuneiform publications from the area depicts beer and brewing, hence the Mesopotamians are credited with the first beer. The earliest account of barley is found on an ancient Sumerian engraving describing beer making. Beer made people feel exhilarated, wonderful and blissful. The Royal Cemetery of Ur, one of the most spectacular discoveries in ancient Mesopotamia, cont ains mid-3rd millennium BC tombs of kings and queens of the city of Ur.One of the tombs belonged to faery Pu-abi who was buried with her servants. Among the hundreds of gold and silver items found to accompany her to the afterlife was a five-liter silver jar, her daily allotment of barley beer. Hammurabi, who decreed the oldest known collection of laws, complete a daily beer ration. This ration was dependent on the social standing of the individual. For example, a normal swear outer received 2 liters, civil servants 3 liters, and administrators and uplifted priests 5 liters per day.In those ancient times beer was not sold, but exchanged for barley. As beer brewing was a household art, it was in any case womens work. Hammurabi once ordered a female saloon-keeper drowned for serving low quality beer. The importance of beer to archaeozoic man is highlighted in Gilgamesh, the great Mesopotamian Epic and written in the 3rd millenium B. C. It is the oldest literary epic in the worl d. Enkidu, the bestial crude man, drank seven cups of beer and his spirit loosened and his heart soared. In this condition he washed himself and became a human being. Thus, Enkidu, the wild-man, evolved from primitive man to cultured man after tasting beer. History of Alcoholism in Arab The oldest alcoholic drinks were fermented beverages of relatively low alcohol content, that is, the beers and wines. When the Arabs introduced the then recent intuition of distilling into atomic number 63 in the Middle Ages, the alchemists believed that alcohol was the long-sought elixir of life. Alcohol was therefore held to be a remedy for practically all diseases, as indicated by the full term whisky (Gaelic water of life).The concept of an elixir or life-giving potion originated from the writings of Jabir ibn Hayyan (8th century AD) and al-Rahzi (9th century AD) and known to the West as Geber and Rhazes respectively. They were the most important scientists in the history of chemistry and chem ical technology in Islam. Their works exerted a dominating influence on later generations of Muslims and Europeans. The most important of the great chemical discoveries in the Middle Ages were alcohol and mineral acids, and the key to finding them was through the process of distillation, which the Arabs developed and mastered.Distillation was one of the most important processes in Islamic chemical technology and was employed for both medicinal preparations and a variety of other technological and industrial uses, including the preparation of acids and the distillation of perfumes, rosewater and essential oils. several(prenominal) great Muslim chemists cl primeval exposit the distillation of wine using specialized distillation equipment. Al-Rahzi, in his book Kitab al-Asrar (The Book of Secrets) described the process of distillation and the apparatus used. He used distillation to concentrate alcohol, which was then taken as an anesthetic.Al-Kindi (9th century AD), describes distilla tion and the apparatus in his book, Kitab Kimya al-itr wa al-Tas-idat (Book of Perfume chemistry and Distillation). Al-Kindi says In the same way, one can distill wine using a water-bath, and it comes out the same color as rosewater. In Spain, the Arab surgeon Aub al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, (d. 1013 AD), known to the West as Albucasis, described the distillation of vinegar in an apparatus similar to that used for rosewater, adding that wine could be distilled in the same way. He described using alcohol as a solvent for drugs.The flammable property of alcohol was noted by Jabir (Geber) And fire which burns on the mouths of bottles due to . . . boiled wine and salt, and similar things with nice characteristics which are thought to be of little use, these are of great significance in these sciences. The flammable property of alcohol was utilized for unhomogeneous applications in Arabic military and chemical treatises of the twelfth and 13th centuries. Many Arabic manuscripts describing t he chemical recipe for alcohol eventually found their way into 12th and 13th century European works and attributed to various European authors.Clearly, the Arabs were the first to distill alcohol and used it for medicinal purposes. From the Arab world, knowledge of distillation spread to Europe and European alchemists began experimenting with the distillation of many items, but medicines were still mostly given as infusions or decoctions of single herbs. Arabic writings in Spain began to influence Christian schools of medicine in Italy and France. The 13th century Spanish alchemists, Arnold Villanueva and Raymond Lully, introduced wine spirits, which they called aqua vitae (water of life) as a solvent into European medicine.This later became known as brandy, pint-size from the German term for burnt wine. Brandy was used as medicine by itself for various diseases and later became popular as a recreational drink as well. In the 16th century, the Swiss physician Paracelsus popularize d the use of distilled alcohol as a solvent to prepare tinctures from herbs and chemicals. History of Alcoholism in USA During the early 1970s, partly in response to student movements of the period many states lowered the drinking age to 18 the thought being that if a young man could be sent to war, he should be able to legally purchase and consume alcohol.It was also at this time that the voting age was lowered to 18. In short, what happened at this time is that college students demanded, and received, the same constitutional rights as adults e. g. to vote, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, rights to privacy (including access to contraception, and abortion), etc. This consensus was challenged by the College Alcohol Study started by a group of researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health, led by social psychologist Henry Wechsler, who began exploring the problem of college drinking in the late 1970s and early 1980s.Their work in part led to the passage of the National Minimum Drinking Age act of 1984. It also led to the construction of binge drinking as a disease and social problem particular to young adults in higher education settings. I was an undergraduate at the University of Vermont while all this was way out on the state was a holdout on keeping the drinking age at 18 but was eventually forced to raise the drinking age to get those federal highway funds.More recently still, the abstinence approach bolstered by the College Alcohol Study has been challenged by research conducted by the Social Norms Institute, who reason out that the health terrorism perpetuated by the binge drinking model has not solved the problem of campus drinking, it simply has created an underground culture of drinking. They argue that by think on the most egregious cases, prevention efforts have exaggerated the extent to which most college students drink. Their approach is remarkably similar to that proposed by the Yale Center in the forties i. . emphasize wellne ss, resilience, and informed decision making. Harmful effects of alcohol The long-term harmful effects of alcohol abuse on the body are also great. Fifty percent of chronic liver disease is caused by alcohol abuse. Alcohol is also associated with many other diseases, including pancreatitis, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, dementia and other rally nervous system disorders, and the fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol abuse is associated with cancers of the alimentary and respiratory tracts and possibly with breast cancer.High amounts of alcohol or longterm ingestion change magnitude insulin resistance, triglyceride levels, blood pressure and all-cause mortality. Binges may result in arrhythmias. Alcoholics have elevated levels of plasma homocysteine, which has been linked to premature vascular disease. Beneficial effects of alcohol thither is no doubt that when used appropriately, alcohol has many medicinal uses, as mentioned earlier. Beer was used as anesthetic since ancient tim es and was a common member in ancient prescriptions in Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek medicine.Since many recorded ancient prescriptions contain many ingredients, it is often difficult to determine which is the active component. Many ruling drugs must have been administered unintentionally, for the wisdom behind many folk remedies rests on the accumulated weight of empiric experience through the millennia. One of the fascinating finds of medical archaeology is the detection of the antibiotic tetracycline on a thin section of bone from Roman Egypt.It is thought that tetracycline was formed in the brewing process as a result of contamination with an airborne streptomycete, and then ingested with the beer. Beer, therefore, might have been an unintentional vehicle for the delivery of powerful antibiotics in those early times. Since beer was a fundamental food staple, a constant intake of this antibiotic might have influenced the pattern of bacterial infection. It is possible that t he well-known great bacterial resistance to tetracycline today maybe due to bacterial exposure to it since antiquity.

Netflix case study Essay

Netflix offers online video cyclosis and DVD rental services for a direct fee to all subscribers. After vibrating reed battle of Hastings, the CEO of Netflix had announced the companys tender strategy of separating its online service and DVD rental services into two accounts for its subscribers, the companys stock poisonous to $63 per share from $300 per share and lost 805,000 subscribers in three month. Although facing so umteen challenges, Reed Hastings choose to continue his new strategies, but with a sincerely apologize for the change and a detailed explanation of why they made this decision and whats in it for current subscribers. straining equipment casualty of Netflix close on yesterday was 312.40.Problems and challenges Although it seems that Netflix has recovered from the separation strategy, but there still are some problems and challenges are waiting for the company. First of all, Netflix online streaming branch is facing fierce competition from companies like Amazo n instant video, YouTube, iTunes store, and Hulu. Second, On-demand TV offering are now hot area, many big- earnings TV mover such as Verizon and Comcast Corp are trying to bring on-demand TV to cable users which will offer fresher content than online streaming companies like Netflix. three of all, The DVD rental branch called Qwikster are now competing with companies like Amazon and Redbox DVD rental. From what we can see in the future, DVD service may at long last run out of business and how to minimize the damage to Netflix is a big problem waiting for a solution.SWOTStrengthNetflix is offering a flat fee policy, which is cheaper than Amazon and iTunes users and is easier to retain current users. A very distinctive strength Netflix have is that Netflix is also a producer. In this years Emmy Awards, Netflix Incs groundbreaking political thriller House of Cardstook home an award for directing. As its name shows in Emmy, Netflix may win not only an award, but many potential users . Many people may position Netflix as a company provides high quality shows than another(prenominal) video distributors.WeaknessAlthough the stock price has gone up this year and everyone now thinks Reed Hastings is the one sees the future, the remaining problem is how to survive with a $7.99 monthly flat fee for subscribers and at the same time spending more than $5 billion for the next five years to purchase TV shows and Movie License. Customers always wants more and pay less. Huge amount of spending force Netflix to attract new users in a rapid speed, but attract new users itself will be another(prenominal) big spending. Although the original drama house of cards generated a big buzz for Netflix, but the cost is considerable.OpportunitiesNew technologies bring opportunities to online streaming video companies. Netflix has active app for both Android and ios system and it works well. People want to access to on-demand videos more convenient by using mobile phone and tablets. The trend of globalization gives Netflix the opportunity to grow itself. The fourth quarter of 2012, Netflix gained 3 million new global subscribers.ThreatCompetition from Amazon, iTunes, Hulu, Google TV, and cable networks may pose threat to the company. fix BEALE, Director of digital video content acquisition of Amazon is known for its ability of picking up successful shows and get the license earlier than other companies. Hulu also spend a lot on bringing new contents in. Although Netflix is cheaper, Amazon offers free instant vedio to prime membership and two-day free transit for its customers. Also, Amazon, Apple and Google now all offer their own devices for video streaming, such as Apple TV, Kindle Fire. QuestionsQ.1. A strong consumer backlash emerged in result to major changes in Netflixs business model. What are some of the arguments in favor of Hasting decision to split the company? What decisions and options are available to Hastings? Were they unafraid decisions? 2- 3 paragraphs Many believe DVD rental business is fading because of new technologies. People no longer want to wait for the DVD to arrive. kinda they want on-demand video services. Slip the company bring price lower for stream only customers and it is fair for them to pay for cheaper price.Put in account data is easier and benefit is longer. Hastings can choose to change the company back to the old model by listening to customers and close the DVD service a couple years later when the DVD rental industry lost all the business. I think its good decisions because the financial information shows that Reed Hastings made the good decision and wins the game. The revenue grow almost half and subscribers grow even more this year. Works CitedLaporte, N. (2013, July 1). A TALE OF TWO NETFLIX. luxuriant Comapny , 177, pp. 31-32. Mint. (2013, September 23). Breaking Bad, Modern Family win top Emmy Awards. (H. M. Ltd., Producer) Retrieved Septemner 29, 2013, from Mint http//search.proquest.com.r lib.pace.edu/docview/1434860801?accountid=13044 Peterson, T. (2013, September 23). 2013 MEDIA MAVENS BRAD BEALE. Advertising Age , 84 (33), p. 1. Ramachadran, S. (2013, September 20). Cable Fights to Feed replete TV Viewers Comcast, Verizon FiOS Vie With Netflix, Amazon for Rights to Show Complete Series. (Dow Jones & Company Inc) Retrieved September 30, 2013, from Wall Street Journal http//search.proquest.com.rlib.pace.edu/docview/1434160601?accountid=13044View as multi-pages

A good detective story Essay

What bring abouts the story of The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle a good police detective story? A story that tells of crime and the detection of criminals. The dictionary definition of a detective story but this isnt in all we expect from a detective story. We expect atmospheric settings, interesting characters, mysterious crime, suspense, an evil plot and a hero that publishs the day right at the eleventh hour, accompanied by a faithful companion. These are a few factors that mould together to make a good story.In this essay I will search some of these factors and decide whether The Speckled Band has enough good features. Sherlock Holmes is the hero. He is the well-spoken detective that never ceases to amaze the reader with his extensive acquaintance of the world he constitutes in. The left arm of your jacket is splattered with mud the marks are perfectly fresh There is no vehicle save a dog-cart which throws up mud in that way . He is the perfect gentlemen and i n my imagination is immaculately dressed in only the finest of clothes.However, I have a bun in the oven seen illustrations of him that may have influenced this image. He doesnt seem to fear anything he handles the most dangerous situations with the calmest of attitudes. An example of his fearless attitude is when Dr Roylott confronted him and aggressively bent a poker out of shape. Holmes casually straightened it back out again and didnt lose his temper in the slightest. He gathers clues and even though they are mentioned to us, his intelligence agency allows him to see perfectly ordinary objects in a way we cant. For instance, a leash with a knot tied in it, or a saucer of milk.Holmes reveals that her knew they were part of the crime but how, we may never know. He seems to be able to piece together hidden clues and build up to the closing picture before the reader has even had chance to fathom out the first set of clues Hes quick, smart and can follows clues like a bloodhound o n a scent trail. Helen Stoner is the sister of the victim. She goes to Sherlock Holmes in confidence that he will solve the mystery and let her live in peace again. The death of her sister, Julia Stoner, shook her up so much that she shivers in fear. She was in a pitiable state of agitation her face was all drawn and grey and her eyes looked like those of a hunted animal. The death had caused her visible stress and she had become restless which in turn had bear upon her health. She is in a dangerous position and if Holmes doesnt act quickly, she too may suffer the same fate as her beloved sister. Dr Roylott is the father of Helen and Julia. His aggressive, tearing nature does him no favours and if anything only confirms Holmes suspicions. An example of his frightful temper would be during his confrontation with Holmes see that you keep yourself out of my grip.Holmes, undeterred, carried on his investigations later to go up Dr Roylott victim of his own crime dead. Julia Stoner, the initial victim, was engaged to a half pay major of the marines. We do not learn anything about her fianci other than this information. However, it is do clear that Julia getting married would leave less inheritance for her father, Dr Roylott. This is the proposed motive. There is little information about Julia in the text but enough to fall out building ideas about the crime. The narrator, Dr Watson, an enthusiastic supporter and faithful friend of Sherlock Holmes, follows all Holmes investigations.He is quick to learn and very eager to do so me dear fellow, I would not miss it for anything. We are not given much information about him in the story, because he is telling it. All these characters make the story an enjoyable read. As to the original question, what makes the story a good detective story, I think it is all the components such as the characters and their individual personalities a motive a crime the suspense and the settings. All these fit together to make the final picture, a good story

Should We Have Gone to War in Iraq Persausive Essay

Operation Iraqi Freedom How more pack do you know that have fought in the United States most recent war? This war was called Operation Iraqi Freedom. Many people have family members that fought in this war, or maybe a neighbor. The Iraq war was started shortly after 9/11 when the United States felt that Iraq leader Saddam ibn Talal Hussein had weapons of Mass Destruction. (WMDs) With the rumor that Iraq had WMDs President scrub felt the US military had to go on the offense to assure the safety of the country. With that in mind I agree with going to war in Iraq.Also, Saddam Hussein was also rumored to be supporting and housing terrorists and members of Al-Qaeda in Iraq. Finally, Saddam Hussein committed many acts of violence against the Iraqi people that he reigned over with an iron fist. Although many people dont feel that we should have gone to war in Iraq because some Iraqi people didnt want the troops there, and because many troops were killed, I feel that war in Iraq was the right thing to do so that people throughout the world and the United States could be kept safe.First, Saddam Hussein was thought to be aiding various terrorist groups that dont like the United States very much. Many people in President Bushs cabinet and administration felt that Saddam Hussein was aiding the disgustful terrorist group Al-Qaeda, which was the terrorist group responsible for the thousands of deaths in the US on 9/11. With no financial evidence of aiding Al-Qaeda, there is evidence of Saddam helping other terrorist groups. It has been reported that Hussein would fracture money to the families of Palestinians killed in conflict.He was known to give up to $25,000 to the families of suicide bomber, which many of these bombers were working for militants groups like Hamas. The United States could not let someone who was supporting terrorism stay in power. Second, the United States had to go to war with Iraq, to get Saddam Hussein out of power after the many violent acts h e committed over his reign in Iraq. wiz of these terrible acts of violence was after an assassination attempt on Husseins life. While riding through the city of Dujail, an attempt on Husseins life was made by Shiite militants.Saddam Hussein decided that he need to wipe out the entire city of Dujail, which had 148 residents, including heaps upon dozens of children. These were the crimes that Saddam Hussein brought up on and eventually executed for. Husseins worst acts came in the years 1986-1989. In these years his administration called for an liquidation of any living thing in the northern Kurdish region. In this time Hussein killed 182,000 Kurds using chemical weapons to kill many of them. As you rotter see the United States could no longer have this man ruling an entire country.Finally, rumored WMDs were the biggest reason the United States decided to go to war. subsequently many years of the UN searching for these weapons Iraq decided not to let inspectors into the country a nymore. The Bush administration took these signals as Iraq and Hussein not wanting the UN to find the weapons of bargain destruction. Before the invasion, and before inspectors were banned from Iraq, rocket warheads, 50 liters of mustard gas, and 50 missiles were decommissioned. These things gave Bush administration a strong feeling that Saddam Hussein was secrecy WMDs from the rest of the world.Although no WMDs were found during the war, I still feel that going into Iraq was the right decision. There was no manner we could let there be rumors about Saddam Hussein having WMD with what he has done to people with them in the past. Saddam Hussein was a terrible dictator that killed many people with chemical weapons. When he was rumored again to have weapons, the Bush administration decided it was time to act against Hussein. They had to make sure the savage dictator didnt have any WMDs.In doing this the Bush administration and the brave soldier of the US military protected the live s of many people in the Middle East and maybe the lives of many here in the United States. The War Crimes of Saddam Hussein. Civil Liberties at About. com Your Guide to Civil Liberties countersign and Issues. Web. 31 Dec. 2011. http//civilliberty. about. com/od/internationalhumanrights/p/saddam_hussein. htm Rationale for the Iraq War. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 31 Dec. 2011. .http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rationale_for_the_Iraq_WarHuman_rights

External Environment Analysis Kraft Foods Essay

In the every changing and expanding forage constancy it is clamant giving medications conduct strategic marketing to reside on top of their application and touch better plans for their future. Strategic marketing drives faces to their peak of success and draws customer loyalty. The porter quin Analysis and PEST summary argon two of the tools utilized by strategian to enhance schemeal success. The Porter Five model examines the internal workings of the organization as rise up as the persistence letting organizations know ab egress probable threats. The PEST analysis on the different hand examines the macro-environment, looking at potential semipolitical and social threats to industry. The utilization of these two models together volition better equip organizations to face ever changing industries and see potential threats. down the stairs the author will discuss the different aspect of each model as well as provide useful web links to gather additional discipli ne. Porter Five Forces AnalysisThe Porter Five Analysis was developed by Michael Porter as a tool utilized by organizations to help call the structure and competitiveness within an industry (Porter, 2008). It encompasses five different forces that shape the industry threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products, bar consume ca regular armytion of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and rivalry among existing competitors (Porter). The ability to analyze and under stick up trends and threats within an industry is critical for effective strategic planning that will render organizational success (Porter). Below is an analysis of Kraft Foods utilizing the Porter Five analysis model. Buyer fountainWith so many different varieties of brands available to consumers it is essential that organizations look consumer needs and demands in hostel to remain successful. As disceptation increases within the industry,organizations must create new products that adapt to the changing li festyles and preferences of consumers, which have shifted to a pore on health and wellness (Hathaway, Mrak-Blumberg, Wexler-Beron, 2006). Consumers have no loyalty or obligation to stay with one brand and will easily switch as prices and nutritional labels fit their needs. Conducting analysis of competitors financial statements will also help paint a picture of consumer trends helping organizations to adjust their products.Below atomic number 18 several websites that provide different schooling on the power that consumers hold. 1. This website discusses some very important facts relating to the immense power that consumers possess in the solid nourishment industry and how the demand for healthy food is increasing the price of raw materials resulting in organizations absorbing the overhead costs to keep prices low. It also provides some information of Kraft Foods biggest competitors. Analysis of competitors nooky help strategists determine future marketing strategies and how to establish brand loyalty. Monitoring challenger allows for change and adaptability permitting one to stay on top of their industry by tailoring products to consumer needs/demands.2. This website provides information that describes the ontogeny demands of consumers and the growing of the healthy food craze. This website really demonstrates the power that consumers hold in the food industry. Consumers are mandating healthy food choices with no GMO labeling. This has caused organizations to generate new products that are healthy and cater to consumer needs if they are to stay successful. Analyzing consumer trends is extremely important as it will allow a business to better tailor their food products and draw in new consumers and maintain loyalty of old consumers. http//www.inspirationgreen.com/vote-yes-on-37.htmlSupplier PowerAlthough there are only ten major suppliers for Kraft Foods they have extreme power over the food industry. Walmart is one of Kraft Foods largest clients with the most revenue generated and with so many competitors on the market Kraft Foods must absorb the additional costs of producing cheap food in order to stay competitive. An psyche supplier must offer somethingspecial to stand out from the crowd, such as a lower price, faster delivery time, more flexible conviction terms, higher product flavour or volume discounts (Sullivan, n.d.) 1. This article provides a thorough discussion and different view point on supplier power and monopoly in the food industry. It provides a discussion on how big organizations, such as Wal-Mart, exert their power over their suppliers. Different suppliers have monopolies at supermarkets and coffin nail pay for primary shelf space and promote their brands. This leads to smaller suppliers struggling in an industry dominated by large supply companies and large retailers. http// medical studentuments.foodandwaterwatch.org/doc/RetailConcentration-web.pdf 2.Pratt provides a good discussion on how to analyze the bargaining power of suppliers. Understanding the questions he poses will enable an organization to potentially avoid competition and build quality relationships with suppliers thus enhancing chances of industry success. http//ezinearticles.com/?Understanding-the-Bargaining-Power-of-Your-Suppliers&id=4251948 3. This informative website provides a list of the Kraft Foods suppliers. Determining the number of suppliers in an industry arsehole help strategist determine the bargaining power of the suppliers. In hard times suppliers toilette ration their products causing organizations to spend more money upfront and lose revenues. When an organization is able to differentiate their product from competitors it is easier for them to bargain with suppliers for fair pricing. http//www.dailytrader.com/ss-kraft-foods/suppliers.html little terrors of EntrantsWhen an industry is booming the threat of new entrants is high as everyone wants to make profits. The threat of new organizations creates competition among an industry and influences their ability to maintain profits (Wilkinson, 2013). Firms in this industry preserve market share through brand loyalty, diversification and the barriers placed within the industry to enter the market (Porter, 2008). It is therefore imperative that these brands maintain quality at a competitive price and drive off new competition. 1. The following website points out the current saving/industry sales for Kraft Foods and their top competitors. This is a good website as it will paint a picture for future companies as to themarket capital, net income, dividends, operating margin and growth revenue.All of which are great indicators as to expenses and revenue generated and allows them to determining if starting a business in this industry is worth the overhead, time and effort. It can also help determine how different products by different companies are comparing to each other. http//financials.morningstar.com/competitors/industry-peer.action ?t=KRFTion=usa&culture=en-US 2. This web page provides a table with Kraft Foods top competitors broken down by categories allowing easy access to different aspects of the business. This also allows potential companies to determine which industry they would have the most impact in to succeed. Additionally it provides revenue, income and market share. http//csimarket.com/stocks/competitionSEG2.php?code=KRFT3. NASDAQ is a great reference for organizations looking at trends in the food industry as it provides information on the financial, size and growth trends as well as market cap. This information is essential to determine if an organization can compete in certain industries. http//www.nasdaq.com/symbol/krft/competitors4. This informative document discusses current economic indicators and the growth of the food industry over the last 10 years. It talks about nature of the industry, market overview, demand and annual food spending at home. Additionally it provides a discussion on the issues affecting the industry. This imagination will help paint a vivid picture of the economy of the industry and help determine if a new product will succeed. http//trade.gov/td/ocg/report08_processedfoods.pdfThreat of SubstitutesThe growing health trends have led many companies to adapt and change products to fit consumer demands. With a variety of brands available it is imperative organizations cater to consumers in order to avoid losing their loyalty to another company. Consumers in the industry have minimal switching costs and there is never the guarantee of brand loyalty (Hathaway, Mrak-Blumberg, Wexler-Beron, 2006). In order to keep loyal consumers organizations in this industry must offer new and innovativeproducts. 1. This document provides valuable information on consumer trends, healthy eating, industry dynamic, emerging products, and success factors.This valuable information helps organizations determine current trends and how they can adapt to remain successful and ahe ad of their competition within the industry. http//www.pwc.com/us/en/transaction-services/publications/assets/functional-foods.pdf 2. This is a very informative website that discusses current trends in the food industry while stating growth percentages specifically relating to the healthy snacking options. This is a good site to gain a better understanding and insight to healthy alternatives that competitors may be producing as well as market trends http//www.snackandbakery.com/articles/84475-snack-food-industry-trends 3. Organic Trade Association website provides information on industry statistics and projected growth trends which is can assist organizations in determining their future products based on consumer trends. http//www.ota.com/organic/mt/business.htmlRivalry Among lively CompetitorsIn every industry there is rivalry amongst organizations to win over consumers. This can generate new and innovative products, intense sales promotions and pricing wars (Porter, 2008). On the outside this activities may appear to be beneficial but in reality it can lead to increased costs and decreased profits for organizations (Porter). 1. CSI mart online provides a nice graph detailing growth rates of the major competitors in the food industry. This is an extremely useful tool to help determine where you stand financially next to your competition. Utilizing this information may assist in determining if a new product should be launched and if new marketing tactics are needed. http//csimarket.com/stocks/competitionNO3.php?code=KRFT2. If an organization is to remain successful and on top of their organization they must produce numerous products that cater to consumer demands, i.e healthy food choices. This innovative opinion keeps consumers coming back to the same brands and generates loyalty. http//www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/04/22/these-food-companies-are-the-best-at-inspiring-bra.aspx PEST AnalysisPEST analysis tool was developed by Francis Aguilar to help or ganization see the macro-environment of their business environment in order to make changes and maximize financial success (Mind Tools, n.d.). The ability to adapt and change business tactics to tolerate consumer demands can create new and improved products enhancing brand loyalty (Mind Tools). The PEST analysis focuses on political, economic, socio-cultural, and technological changes in the industry, helping organizations to determine different opportunities (Mind Tools). semipolitical1. This website provides information on regulations of the food industry, agricultural industry and federal regulations. Understanding the political implications and regulations of the food industry will assist with licensing and production of food products. It is imperative to know and understand these regulations in order to become and remain a successful and well respected brand. http//edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs1182. Harris provides a great article discussing presidential term regulations for the food industry, to include agencies and their regulation methods. Knowing the correct process and FDA regulations will help bolster an organization while gain respect and trust from consumers. http//smallbusiness.chron.com/government-regulations-food-industry-76884.html 3. With the growing health trends the FDA has started enforcing stricter food labeling. This labeling ensures stringent guidelines to maintain the integrity of the food label (Philipson, 2005). Additionally this provides accurate information to consumers and allows them to make healthy educated decisions regarding the food they consume. http//ajcn.nutrition.org/content/82/1/262S.fullEconomic1. Yahoo Finance provides data on the economic conditions of the food industry as well as a forecast of the growth prospects. This information is valuable to organizations as it can assist in determining present and future growth trends, revenues and specific growth regions.http//finance.yahoo.com/news/food-beverage-business-confidence -report-130100393.html 2. The FDA addresses the need for government involvement in food safety in order to strengthen consumer confidence thus enhancing food industry growth. It is also a tool that can be utilized to determine how globalization is affecting the economic environment (Mind Tools, n.d.). http//www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FSMA/ucm326870.htm 3. Organic Trade Association provides a website with information on the economy of the growing organic food trend. The needs and demands of the consumers for healthier food options has driven many food industry organizations to reexamine their line of products and begin producing healthier food options. The demands of the consumers must be met in order for an organization to succeed. It is also important to consider the economic impact these changes can have on our environment and make sure we leave a positive footprint. http//www.ota.com/organic/mt/business.htmlSocial1. Over the last several years the food industry has had t o adapt to the growing health conscious population and produce more healthy food alternatives. Understanding FDA regulations of labeling and marking and serving sizes on products will gain consumers trust that the products they are consumer are in line with a healthy life style. The social taboo of mislabeled or healthy food could potentially damage an organization. http//www.newsmaxhealth.com/Health-News/food-labels-fda-changes/2014/02/27/id/555199/ 2. Yahoo Finance provides an article discussing the importance of accepting the demands of the consumers in order to generate profits. Consumers are not only looking for healthy alternative in the grocery store but in restaurants too. There is an increased demand for nutritious organic fresh food in restaurants. Organizations must weigh the benefits betwixt producing fresh products and providing affordable foods. http//finance.yahoo.com/news/health-wealth-food-beverage-industry-132935034.html Technological1. Emerson discusses the evol ution of technology in the food industry and how is has helped organizations to produce healthier and fresher food. Utilization of technology can allow organizations to produce largequantities and variety of products thus catering to a larger consumer population and decreasing organizational costs. http//www.insidetechnology360.com/index.php/how-technology-has-affected-the-food-industry-22970/2. This website discusses the importance of evolving technology to running a successful business. Improved technology and software advances over the years have allowed for food industry organizations to make reordering of food and supplier easier and more convenient. These technologies can monitor refrigeration temperatures, energy usage helping to ensure the best food is available for the consumers. When consumers know that organizations go to extra measures to ensure product quality it generates brand loyalty and increased revenues.3. Gould presents a very informative article regarding the im portance of technology in the food industry. The use of technology assists with decision fashioning related to consumer insight, brand and product management and pricing allowing organizations to maximize consumer needs and wants.4. One new technology in the food industry is the utilization of ergonomics to increase efficiency of production and reduce environmental impact with increase production. This very informative slide show discusses the pros and cons of this innovative technology. In order to meet the growing health requirements by consumers it is beneficial for organizations to understand what technology their competitors are utilizing.ConclusionIf an organization is to succeed it is imperative a thorough analysis of the industry and environment is conducted. Utilization of the Porter Five Analysis will provide organizations with information on the internal and immediate threats to their organization. The PEST analysis on the other hand provides information on the marco-env ironment allowing organizations to focus on new opportunities for growth and success and see potential threats to the industry. Although both of these methods have different focuses,when utilized together a significant amount of information in generated that will guide an organization on the path to a successful and profitable future.ReferencesHathaway, J., Mrak-Blumberg, E., Wexler-Beron, E. (2006, April 4). Strategic account for TheKraft Foods Corporation. Pandora Group Out of the Box Consulting. Retrieved July 23,2014 fromhttp//economicsfiles.pomona.edu/jlikens/SeniorSeminars/pandora/reports/kraft.pdf Mind Tools. (n.d.). PEST Analysis. Retrieved July 24, 2014 fromhttp//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_09.htm Philipson, T. (2005). Government Perspective Food Labeling 1,2,3. The American Journal ofClinical Nutrition, 82. Retrieved July 23, 2014 fromhttp//ajcn.nutrition.org/content/82/1/262S.fullPorter, M. (2008, January). The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. Harv ard BusinessReview. Retrieved July 23, 2014 from http//hbr.org/2008/01/the-five-competitive-forcesthat-shape-strategy/ar/1 Sullivan, D. (n.d.). Food Industry The Bargaining Power of Suppliers. Chron Small Business.Retrieved July 24, 2014 from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/fast-food-industrybargaining-power-suppliers-78188.html

Moral Sentiments Essay

Pursuit of wealth is a necessity for a proper and well standard life in straightaways world. Wealth is an essential commodity at present and cardinal has to cede it for a respectable living and that is why people are in a run to attain it non matter the opportunity cost. The main question is that is m unityy always worth all the opportunity cost and is its achievement at all cost a right or wrong social occasion?These are the basic points that I will be discussing in my paper at a lower place with respect to my opinion of the poor mans son situation, as described by Smith in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, that he was not mistaken in setting out on the path of wealth acquisition and further on I would discuss what I would have through if I was in the same situation.. There is no doubt to the fact that wealth is necessary for a comfortable living.Wealth improves the quality of life by providing a person with the luxuries he carves for and with the satisfaction of these craving s comes utility which in result makes a person feel good. There is more to life than living in a budgeted amount every month and feeling content with whatever is within ones limited achieving power. Life is about exploring new horizons, about enjoying it to its fullest and in todays world all of this cannot be achieved without money. It provides a person with a sense of peace because with money comes power to achieve every material thing possible.Lack of money do not makes one life hassle free or tranquil but instead provides one with the tension to achieve even the basic necessities of life which now are not available without money. Hard work is necessary to achieve great things in life, laid endure attitude do not take a person anywhere. High achievers do not let fate decide for them but work problematic enough to have their fate in their own hand so pressuring oneself to achieve more in life and test one limits is actually the jog way to life live as per me.While it cannot be denied that more utility comes from enjoying the beauty of a garden then seeing a apparatus work as Smith explained in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, but it can also not be ignored that with the power to buy or have things one need which comes with the expenditure of money also provides a different sense of utility to a person. So I dont think that the poor mans son did anything wrong in working hard-fought to fulfill his wants and dreams and instead of being critical of him one should comprehended him for fulfilling his dreams in the right manner, he at least did not cheat or lie his way to achieve what he wanted.I would have make the same had I been in his position. I would have also worked my way to achieve money if I had wanted it. But I would not have done that at the expense of that happiness in life which comes naturally along the way and have nothing to do with the amount of money one possess like enjoying a friend birthday treat, having time to enjoy the beautiful scen ic beauty around me etc. I would have hold the level of balance in my life with my priorities set in a proper order and money would be one of my priorities but not the exonerate most priority.So I support the poor man sons in his struggle to achieve what he wanted to achieve and his hard work is commendable but I think that he should have made money the only motive of his life and instead had enjoyed things coming in his life along the way because thirst for money can never be quenched so one should know the limit to have it if one want a peaceful n emotionally n spiritually better life.Reference Smith, Adam. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. N. p. n. p. , 1759. Print.

The Business Model

The Business Model * Based on your reading of Chapter 4 from the Hess book, An Elevator-Pitch Business Model, and the Why Business Models Matter article, complete the following a. Write a concise two-sentence elevator pitch guest value proposition for your real-world calling. (You green goddess use the examples in the Hess book as a guide. ) We will declare services to assist customers acquire any type of position to be utilize in any kind of way that is responsible to the needs of all parties and governments.Delivering exceptional results by constantly improving on service and processes, being responsible for culture, a winners intensity, and innovation that endears a strong service ethic. b. Then, incorporating your elevator pitch, expand it to a full just still crisp business model description, or story, as Magretta refers to it. Establishing a business to satisfy the needs of a community or region through the practice of ethical look and providing individuals or business that desire to acquire property locally or globally quality in service and process through the transaction process.We offer services to the acquisition of any type of property to be used in any kind of way that is responsible to the needs of all parties and governments contest Market Space StrategyFirst Pass Hamel and Prahalad (2005) write, The strategists goal is not to find a niche within the existing industry space but to create new space that is uniquely suited to the companys own strengthsspace that is off the map. Based on your reading of the articles Value Innovation A trammel into the Blue Ocean and Strategic Intent, in two paragraphs, apply the thoughts of the authors and describe how your eal-world business attempts (or will attempt) to create new competitive uncontested commercialise spaces, and what the primary challenges to such a strategy are or will be. Be specific. Strategic intent will be to grow the organization organically to enlarge profits by 15% per mont h and maintain and richlyly ethical work environment and relationship with customers, employees, stakeholders, and affiliate. We will focus on the needs of the customer with respect to culture of the region, economics, social environment, and community needs.Ethics will be a strong part of the of the implementation of this strategy to find and partner with likeminded individuals with a doctrine to and commitment to represent themselves in an honest way being accountable for their actions. Form alliances with individuals that dont lie, cheat, steal, and create value for the customer through providing thorough, high quality service and products, use ethical procedures and processes, and develop long term relationships with the customer base instead of the arms length deals that usually transpire.General lodge and Customer Analysis With the reading SWOT Analysis I Looking Outside for Threats and Opportunities in mind, answer the following questions a. Identify and discuss the three nearly important general environmental forces or workstyle and lifestyle trends that are shaping the big picture opportunity for your real-world business. Mobility, technology, and ergonomics Mobility is being able to work from plate or office and form alliances to work as a team when necessary.Working in a team with other individuals in different regions could reduce invest up monetary value, the need for office space, and costly travel to other regions. Using technology to reduce the cost associated with travel and establishes a communication base with allies and team members. Working with allies would assist with handling traffic in other regions coordinating transaction activities and maintaining a cultural presence and providing a strong-arm presence in the market place. Ergonomics building green and designed environmentally friendly for employee comfort, safety, and healthy environment.Daily operations would be on an ad hoc expression constructing the day around the most important functions early on in the day whether it be documenting recent proceedings or setting up brush with prospects. b. Perform a customer analysis, and using the categories and ideas from pages 6-8, describe as carefully as you so-and-so who the customers of your business are, what problems they bring in that your company depose solve, and so forth. cut back your analysis to two single-spaced pages. Use of the net for the purpose of making money will it harm or make your business profitable.The use of the internet will create new customers and new market segments from which a company can grow and be more profitable. In real estate transactions there are numerous negotiations and other communications that are necessary to complete a transaction. In situations where travel and long distance communications can be very expenses the use of the internet to communicate and transmit documents for the purpose of setting up transactions. New markets and customers can be accessed v ia the internet and alliances can in addition be established to assist in moving into market segments reducing cost and regulation of local government.Opportunities in the form of alliances, diverse market dissemination strategies, create value by providing ergonomic and energy efficient building processes reaching more and varied consumers in varied market segments. Pricing in the housing markets along with scandal in the lending industry has created a big problem with home base acquisition for many local residential consumers. more qualifying criteria for getting home loans have become more restricted as a consequence of the widespread fraud in the lending industry.As a result of this fraud many communities have been flooded by situations where the accumulation of distressed homes is in an overabundance in many communities. With many communities containing distressed properties devaluation of property values resulted in many owners losing money on their investments. Seemingly w ith lower home values and lower interest rated this would stimulate buying by consumers for home sales. But with the tougher qualifying standards for lending products fewer consumers are able to purchase and trending toward leasing.Building green also has negatively affected the market place locally because of the cost associated with higher material cost to build green. The opportunity that is created by communities containing distressed property sales is it attracts a different type of vendee to market too. The market share for this type of buyer will be fiercely competitive because more often than not this type of investor is cost conscious and highly enlightened with their investment practice. Customers are the ultimate target to market too for a business to be profitable in real estate.So it is very important to lay your customer and market segment. So generally when you think of customers for real estate business you immediately think of businesses or individuals interested in the acquisition of property. You have three trains of customers all related to financial position of household. You have the economy customer that lives from check to check and almost always want more than they can afford and is misguided because they believe they can spend any money without a budget. You have median income household which may be considered middle relegate most of these customers are budget wise and educated buyers.Lastly you have the custom buyers where they are all six and seven figure incomes. Opportunities for new customers exist when you make it the international market where you have foreign investors interested in properties located locally. You may also have businesses locally wanting to acquire property globally through a local broker with international access. The customer base will need to be redefined by demographics as well the type of buyer or seller you are working with. Personally I have had the best success with working customers in a certain age, income, and educational level in the residential market place.

Intergovernmental Organisations Essay

a) Explain how membership of intergovernmental organisations stools some countries political and economic power. (10)Being a member of intergovernmental organisations does give some countries political and economic power. Like figure 4 projects, the USA is post of umteen intergovernmental organisations and they render the status of a superpower showing there ar clear benefits of being a infract of IGOs. However, some may argue that countries such as China and India are rising in some(prenominal) political and economic power yet like figure 4 shows, they are barely part of the leading IGOs. Therefore, membership of intergovernmental organisations does give some countries political and economic benefits but there is evidence to show that not being apart of an IGO still relinquishs for development in a countries wealth and political stance.Economically, being a part of the World Trade Organisation like many leading superpowers are (for example, the UK and the USA) does allow f or these leading countries to take on influence in trade decisions. This means that they can benefit economic decisions to lawsuit themselves. For example, the USA can exploit LDCs such as Bangladesh by taking more imports for a less expensive price. Furthermore, being a member of the International Monetary Fund means that countries have the voting power to influence the economic policies of other countries.Thus these countries can create friendly policies towards TNCs that are based in their own country, greatly benefiting their own wealth. Additionally, being apart of the EU and NATO in which many of the countries that are part of many IGOs are part of have trade blocs which can cater for the auspices of key markets and still help intraregional trade. Therefore it does seem that economic power of a country does mend with the help of being a part of IGOs such as the World Trade Organisation.

How to Survive the First Year of College Essay

Everyone has a different college love. The time we spend and relationships we form vary from person to person, but there ar some commonalities most freshman experience in their low gear year in college. What follows argon some simple and easy tips and suggestions to help those clueless and frightening incoming freshman survive their first year of college.The first tip of advice I would give anyone to make the most of their experience is to leave or expand comfort zones. To make the most of this time it will be inevitable to leave the smatter that have involuntarily formed over the past four years of high school. It is primal to go through aside there and push the comfort levels that have been formed.Next, it is very important to make bare-assed friends. As we move a instruction from high school and drift away from our past relationships, it is vital to form new relationships and make new friends to spend this important time of our lives with. Friends play a key role in our s ocial growth and development. Friends will also play a crucial role in our college experience. They are there to support us and help us through the tough clock that we all experience during college. They help us through the homesickness, relationships troubles, and anything else that comes our way and are possibly the single most important factor out in surviving college.Another key to thriving in college is to get involved in extra-circular activities, groups, or teams. Getting involved is a great way to accomplish multiple of the above tips. This is an easy way to expand comfort zones and to meet new people in the process. Extra groups provide a neat way to fill daily schedules and keep busy in between branches and homework.My next tip, is to go to class and to do the best possible in those classes. However, do not get overly stressed out or to focused on classes. When we work overly stressed nothing productive gets done and that benefits no one. Classes are important, howeve r, missing a couple classes or not getting an A on that mental testing will not ruin any plans for the future. College is as mucha social experience as an educational one. It is important to find a good balance between the two and not to become consumed by the class work and studying.The next suggestion is the easiest. Find the library. The library is one of the most important buildings on campus. It is a nice quiet place that people go to study whenever they need to. When the hallway or apartment is bustling and focusing becomes too difficult, its nice to have somewhere quiet to go so that you can finish that project or write that essay.Lastly, enjoy your time in college. later on college we enter the real world and workplace and it can be a scary thought. My best advice is plainly to make the most of these years and enjoy it in whatever way works best. So unsloped relax and enjoy your time.College is a rollercoaster ride. No matter what we experience and no matter how differe nt it whitethorn be it will have its ups and its downs. But when it comes down to it college is supposed to be one of the best times of our lives. So no matter what happens, the best advice anyone can give is just to enjoy the ride

Litrature Review on Fii’s Impact on Indian Banking Sector

Women Empowerment in India Women empowerment in India is a ch bothenging task as we neediness to acknowledge the incident that gender based discrimination is a deep rooted tender rancor practiced in India in many forms since thousands of years. The malice is not going to go apart in a few years or for that matter by attempting to work at it by dint of half-hearted attempts. Formulating laws and policies are not enough as it is seen that most of the eons these laws and policies and remain on paper. The underfur situation on the some other hand just remains the same and in many instances worsens further.Addressing the malice of gender discrimination and women empowerment in India is long drawn battle against powerful structural forces of the parliamentary procedure which are against womens growth and development. Women empowerment in India The need for stain take aim actions We leave to accept the fact that things are not going to change overnight except because of this we abidenot stop victorious action either. At this juncture the most important step is to initiate ground level actions however wasted it talent seem.The ground level actions should be focussed towards changing the social carriage and practices prevalent in the association which are highly biased against women. This washbowl be initiated by working with the women at the root level and focusing on increasing womens access and control over resources and increasing their control over finale making. Further working on the aspect of enhanced mobility and social interaction of women in the golf club would positively influence entirely round development and empowerment of women in India.Women empowerment in India Reality bit at the ground level Today there are lot of things that is happening in the style of women empowerment in India and lot of resources are spent in this direction. Keeping this in mind it is all-important(a) to have a reality check on what is happening on pa per and what is the actual ground situation. It is worthy to ponder on the fact that we are one of the worst in hurt of ecumenical gender equality rankings.In India women are discriminated and marginalized at every level of the confederation whether it is social participation, economic opportunity and economic participation, political participation, access to education or access to nutrition and reproductive wellness care. A signifi screwingt few in the family still consider women as depend upon objects. gender disparity is high, crimes against women are increasing and violence against women is all time high and in most cases go unreported. Dowry related problems and death is increasing and is profoundly manifesting in the urban population.Workplace harassment of women is other phenomenon which is rapidly increasing as more women join the workforce. Early age marriages are still taking place in large numbers and the number of girls going to school is abysmally low. Moreove r bulk of the girls who join the school drop let on by the age of puberty to get married and bang a lifespan of drudgery. Female feticide and infanticide is starring the nation as one of the biggest social crisis. both this is happening despite the fact that there are number of programmes and policy initiatives that is being run by the government and other bodies.The year 2001 was decla sanguine as the National policy for empowerment of women. So it is time to ask the question whether we are moving in the right direction and where are we in terms of the paper actions and the actual ground realities. Women empowerment in India Discrimination against women in all walks of life unity of the major aspects of women empowerment in India is to change the attitude of society towards women. The problem in India is that the society never worked on the premise of gender equality from a long-long time.Atrocities and discrimination against women is a way of daily life in Indian society. on that point is an attitude which still prevails in India where women are considered to be only worthwhile of household activities and managing the children. The veil system, child marriage and dowry are testimonies to this truth. Women have never been part of the mainstream society in India and they are still considered as a great liability. If we just look at the sex ratio it will show the plight of women in India. It is the lowest at around 933. Female literacy is just 54. 6 % as per 2001 Census. In Indian parliament and assemblies women have never represented more than 10%. Most of the women workers in India are outside the organized sector. Administrators, managers, professionals combined together and technical workers on the other hand are the lowest at 2. 3% and 20 % respectively. Now these figures gives the real truth of the actual mentality of the society which has restricted women, marginalized women and discriminated against women quite openly. Can we achieve women empower ment in India with these alarming and blasphemous figures? djustments and sharing of gender based specific performance or tasks which are Women empowerment in India culmination gender divergence and gender bias It has to be understood that unless we change the basic social attitude which cultivates gender inequality and gender bias we would not be able to achieve much in terms of women empowerment in India. There are many laws and there have been many amendments that have been carried out to end the discrimination against women and empower women in all aspects of life.Gender equality is enshrined in Indian constitution and constitution empowers the state to end the gender based discrimination against women. There is reservation of place in local bodies and municipalities and another law is being envisioned for reservation in parliament. But the troubling part is that all these laws and amendments have become toothless as the fundamental problems lies in the attitude of the soci ety which is highly biased against women. Now what is the solution? The only solution is for women to come together as a unifying force and initiate egotism empowering actions at the ground level.Let it happen even if it is at a slow pace initially but it must happen despite however small the initial move might look like. So the connection is very clear. Once we work towards self empowerment through small number of infinite actions, we become aware of the ground realities and then we can come back about taking further recourse towards changing the mindset of the society which fosters gender inequality and bias. When we talk about women empowerment in India the most important aspect that comes into the mind is the attitude of the society towards women. Women are still considered as burden and liabilities.They are also considered as properties. These kinds of attitudes give birth to the nefariousness of violence against women. Women empowerment in India is not possible unless viol ence against women is eradicated from the society. National Commission of women was created in 1992 and prescript of elimination of all forms of discrimination against women was ratified in 1993. Apart from the laws and policy formulations the violence against women can be only tackled through attitudinal change that need to take place in the family, in the society and the womanish members of the society as well.Only this attitudinal change and proactive action against violence by every exclusive individual will help in galvanising the slumbering structures of the government and society towards further concrete steps and action. Unless society accepts gender equality as a fundamental principle of human existence all efforts will only partially bear results. Gender sensitisation and gender training is primary need of the hour. The struggle of gender equality should be carried at every level and it should overcome the barriers of caste, class, race and religion. RIDDLES 1.There is a mass full of people travelling over San Francisco and no one gets off the bus throughoutthe journey. But when it gets to the other side there is not a single person left. How is thispossible? A. They are all married. 2. How do you fit ten horses (pictures. All seperate pictures. ) in 9 boxes? A. One letter for each stable. TEN HORSES 3. What can keep you alive but kill someone else? What can let you have fun but can take you away? A. The sea 4. What is seven lettersis greater than god more evil than the nark a homeless person has it a wealthy person needs it what is it?A. splinter 5. figure out if you can read this or not Yy u r Yy 4 me u b i c u Yy 4 me A. to reinvigorated you are to wise for me you be I see you to wise for me 6. there is 3houses the red house is next to the white house and the white house right of the red house the blue house is next to the white house. wheres the white house at? A. this is not only a trick question it can be a normal question the white is in the middle and washington d. c/ in the riddle you can always trick to person you told it to if they think its a normal question and say in the center or middle u can say was

Brand Management Summary Essay

Constructs* Consumer ground nock fair play The variantial performance of tag knowledge on consumer resolution to the market of the mail. It involves consumers reactions to an portion of the selling mix for the distinguish in comparison with their reactions to the same marketing mix element attributed to a fictitiously lay downd/un leand version of the crossing or service. * filth knowledge a score node in memory to which a variety of associations atomic number 18 linked * smirch awayise set of disfigurement associations in a consumers memory. It be perceptions around a fault as reflected by the home run associations held in consumer memory. vane number is defined by* Type of spot associations* Attributes Non-product related or product related.* Benefits Functional, experiential or symbolic.* Attitudes* Favorability, Strength and Uniqueness of denounce associations* tell on consciousness rec completely and recognition by consumers. It is or so the spec ialisation of the dishonor node or trace in memory.Findings* A strike out is said to contract a positive (negative) customer-based flaw equity if consumers react much ( little) favorably to the product, price, promotion, or distribution of the check off than they do to the same marketing mix element when it is attributed to a fictitiously named or unnamed version of the product or service. * Favor able-bodied CBBE thunder mug moderate to enhanced revenue, disappoint costs, greater profits, larger margins, less elasticity, increased marketing communication effectiveness and licensing opportunities. * Pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion strategies stimulate CBBE. * Building CBBE have a bun in the ovens creating a familiar brand name and a positive brand image.* Measuring CBBE rear end be done (1) indirectly by bill writers of brand knowledge or (2) directly by measuring the effects of brand knowledge on consumer response to elements of the marketingmix. * Man aging CBBE (1) take a broad and long-term view of marketing a brand (2) specify the desired consumer knowledge structures and effect benefits for a brand (3) consider a wide execute of traditional and nontraditional advertising, promotion and marketing options (4) coordinate the marketing options that be chosen (5) conducting tracking studies and controlled experiments (6) prise potential extension candi exits.Implications* Marketing activity can potentially enhance or maintain consumers consciousness of the brand or the favorability, strength or uniqueness of received associations. * This enables making short- and long-term decisions better and much insightful. Article 2 Esch, Franz-Rudolf, Tobias Langer, Bernd H. Schmitt and Patrick Geus (2006), Are distinguishs Forever? How scrape Knowledge and Relationships Affect live and Future Purchases, journal of Product & Brand Management, 15, 2, 98-105 Constructs* Brand attributes aw atomic number 18ness, image, compreh close down choice, perceive value, reputation, and faceal associations. * Brand knowledge attributes aw atomic number 18ness and image, where awargonness is a necessary condition to build brand image. * Brand relationships* Satisfaction the ex transport aspects of a relationship. Its about giving vs. receiving. * Trust the feeling that is the outcome of a communal relationship with a brand. * fond regard a longer-lasting, commitment-inducing bond between the brand and the consumer. Satisfaction and Trust lead to brand Attachment. * Behavioral outcomes Current purchase behavior and future purchase behavior.Findings* Current purchases argon implyed by brand image directly and by brand awargonness indirectly. * Future purchases are not affected by every dimension of brand knowledge directly, but brand knowledge does affect future purchases via a brand relationship path that includes brand satisfaction, brand trust and attachment to the brand. Concluding, brand knowledge is not adapt ed to build long-term brand relationships. However,relationship variables are critical for predicting future purchases as well as current purchases. * Brand awareness does not significantly affect brand satisfaction and brand trust. * Brand awareness affects brand image and both are direct determinants of current consumer purchase behavior.Implications* Currently, brand repugnrs saloon brand awareness and brand image. They should as well consider brand relationship measures and develop strategic and tactical initiatives that ensure that consumers are satisfied with the brand, trust it and feel attached to it if they wish to achieve long-term victory. let the cat out of the bag notes (27-08-2012) Introduction to Brand ManagementOnce, products were un-differentiable, often sold loose, the tonus varied significantly and many another(prenominal) raft made the same thing. To make buyers prefer your commodity, brands were introduced * A name, sign or symbol intend to identify the g oods & services of one (group of) sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition. It creates reputation, awareness and prominence.Organizations perceive brands as physical products, where customers perceive it as psychological products, since they want to buy brands and not simply products. A product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, encyclopedism, use, or consumption that might satisfy a need or want. It consists of 4 trains meat benefit, tangible product, augmented product and total product. * A brand is a product, but one that adds early(a) dimensions that differentiate it in some way from other products designed to satisfy the same need. It makes products different in a rational, tangible, symbolic, emotional and intangible way.In reality, the most valuable assets are intangible ones.A brand is important for* clients because its an identification of a production source, it assigns responsibility to the maker, it reduces risk, it reduces search cost, it forms a bond / accord with the maker of the product, it is a symbolic device, and a sign of quality. * Manufacturers because it allows identification to simplify handling or tracing, it allows sanctioned protection of unique features, its a signal of quality level, it endows unique associations to products, its a source of competitive prefer and a source of financial returns.As long is something is perceived as different, from the product category, it is branded. It should be given a label and succeedd a meaning. Types of things that can be branded 1) Physical goods 2) service 3) Retailers & Distributors 4) Online products and Services 5) People and Organizations 6) Sports, Arts and Entertainment (experience goods like Walt Disney and Pixar) 7) Geographic Locations 8) Ideas and Causes.Brands Fail because market conditions depart, where some companies analyse to adapt (inertia).Business Challenges & Opportunities* Savvy customers More experienced customers deman d much than respect. * Brand proliferation few products are mono branded nowadays. Often, complex brand families and portfolios are required. * Media fragmentation bare-ass methods of communication arise (internet) and expenditures face to shift from advertising to promotion. * Increased costs Developing new products is costly so team up with other brands. * Increased competition Differentiation becomes more baffling, markets start to be more mature and low-cost competitors arise.Consider brand extensions. * Greater accountability Engage short-term performance orientation, make sure you suck in your figures right. Customer Based Brand Equity (1) Differential effect that (2) brand knowledge has on (3) consumer response to the marketing of that brand. Marketing a product should make the consumers response more favorable compared to not stigmatization the product. Types are * Consumer brand equity A positive, strong, progressive and unique meaning of the brand. * pecuniary bran d equity enables earning more inthe short and long run.The Strategic Brand Management Process (to build, measure and manage brand equity) 1. Identify and Establish brand rateing and values It is your attempt to get in the header of the consumer in a distinct and valued place. This includes mental maps, a competitive frame of root, points of parity & difference, core brand values and brand mantra. It is also about who is in your market. 2. Plan and implement brand marketing programs The mixing and matching of brand elements (optical or verbal?), integrating brand marketing activities and leverage of secondary coil associations that convey meaning to consumers. 3. Measure and interpret brand performance expend brand value chains (how will our activities influence what customers think, feel and do), audits, tracking, and equity management systems.What is a Business Value Chaina. Customer brand equity management goal build, sustain, and leverage a strong, active and unique meaning of the brand. b. Financial brand equity goal to enable more earnings in the short and long run. 4. conjure & Sustain brand equity (how to improve things) concepts that are used are brand-product matrixes (shows all brands and products sold by one firm), brand portfolios and hierarchies, brand elaborateness strategies and brand reinforcement and revitalization.The 6 deadly sins of branding1. Brand Memory loss dont forget what a brand stands for, dont change individuation. 2. Brand Egoism oerestimating your (supplying) capabilities and importance. 3. Brand Deception Dont include fictional fixingss that appear lusty or try to cover the reality of your product. 4. Brand fatigue Companies are bored with their brands, causing a lack of creativity. 5. Brand paranoia Too much focus on competition instead of product quality. 6. Brand irrelevance Not staying ahead of the product categorys market. Lecture notes WC week 1 (29-08-012 / red-faced Bull Case)Sources of brand equity for Red bul l* First mover advantage, premium pricing, and special brokers(taurine). * New market creation (energy drink), and an all round occasion product. * Sampling often, source efficacy, cool image, limited availability, and sectionalizationicularised associations such as sports and athletes. Their strategy is a global approach. Tactics are evermore similar, and sports are always important. How does the marketing program contribute to the brand equity * They have a broad positioning, prepareing for high quality and high price, world a premium product and being exclusive.Some terminology* Disruptive products are those that break the rules, the normal way of doing business. * They do so below the line by using special promotion activities. * They do so above the line by using out of the box marketing. * character of voice packet of expenditures on advertising, as a share of the product category. * Share of belly Share in all types of drinks consumption. * The most important things for branded products are involvement and interest. * Jump on the bandwagon mode following the mainstream (Bullit vs. Red Bull). Why are Red bulls advertisements so winning and how do they maintain their marketing monumentum?* High integration and a consistent program.* Limited availability, which causes buzz marketing.* Their ads use a specific humorous tone of voice, which builds awareness. Findings of the energy drink experiment* All energy drinks increase rake pressure. Placebos only do so under high motivation. Red bull and brand extensions (the key to success is a fit with your brand) * What did they do already? Shots, different tastes, Red Bull cola, Premix with alcoholics, refrigerators, and using different sizes. * Which ones were successful? Different sizes, sports events, magazines, shows, and the flagship store that sells a lot of merchandise. * Which ones were unsuccessful? Different tastes, Cola, and energy shots.hebdomad 2 Branding Objectives Values, individualism and Positioning Article 1 Brown, Tom J., Peter A. Dacin, Michael G. Pratt and David A. Whetten (2006) Identity, Intended Image, Construed Image, and Reputation An interdisciplinary Framework and Suggested Terminology, Journal of theAcademy of Marketing Science, 34, 2, 99-106Constructs according to CED (Central, enduring, and distinctive organizational level of analysis) * Identity An one-on-ones self-difinition / who are we as an organization. * Organizational identity the property of a social group quite a than an individual. * Intended Image mental associations about the organization that organization leaders want important auditory modalitys / stakeholders to hold. * Construed image Mental associations that organization outgrowths believe individuals or multiple people outside the organization hold about the organization. * Reputation mental associations about the organization actually held by others outside the organization.Findings* Image concerns what an organizational me mber wants others to know about the organization, while reputation is a perception of the organization actually held by an external stakeholder. * embodied associations belong with the stakeholder, not to the organization. They may be influenced by a variety of outside sources competitors, industriousness analysts, consumer activists and the media in addition to communications from the company.Implications* Not mentionedArticle 2 Coleman, Darren, Leslie de Chernatory and George Christodoulides (2011) B2B Service Brand Identity photographic plate Development and Validation, Industrial Marketing Management, 40, 1063-1071Constructs* B2B service brand identity the strategists vision of how a B2B service brand should be perceived by its stakeholders. It consists of the following scale dimensions * Marketing Culture impromptu policies and guidelines which provide employees with behavioral norms. Its also about the importance an organization places on the marketing function. * invitee relationship management relationships with customers are thecornerstone of industrial marketing. in that respectfore, the quality of CRM is very important. * somatic Visual identity logos can simplify the process of communicating brand benefit by being visual metaphors. They also help distinguishing a brand. * Integrated marketing communications they help an organizations brand identity manifest. For B2B, communications focus on organization quite an than products. * Brand personality The strength, favorability and uniqueness of the brand personality association. It should be easy to describe by clients, and favourable.Findings* After two factor analyses, the paper chose to rename some dimensions * Employee & client focus The organization treats employees & clients as an essential part of the organization, will help them in a responsive manner, will discover and respond to their needs, and top management is committed to providing quality service. * Corporate visual identity Our font and logo is an important part of our visual identity, which makes us recognizable. * Brand personality Associations are extremely positive and favorable, and clients have no difficulty describing them.* Consistent communications Theres a good find outing of the strengths and weaknesses of all communication tools. Furthermore, Advertising, PR and Sales are providing consistent messages. * military man resource initiatives There are employee-training programs designed to develop skills required for acquiring and deepening client relationships. Moreover, the organization regularly monitors employees performance. * The model is now empirical instead of conceptual. In addition, it is a synergistic network since all dimensions are highly correlated.Implications* When managers want to asses the effectiveness of B2B service brand identity efforts, they should focus on any one or multiple of the above mentioned dimensions and measure them over time.Article 3 Chernev, Alexander, Ryan Hamilton and David Gal (2011) Competing for Consumer Identity Limits to Self-Expression and the Perils of LifestyleBranding, Journal of Marketing, 75, May, 66-82Constructs* Self-expression of lifestyle and social identity this is enabled by a huge degree of customization for current products and also by social media.Findings (keep in mind that all findings discuss short-term effects) * Consumer brand preferences are a function of the activities they were involved in prior to evaluating a given brand. This finding holds because the need for self-expression is mortal and ultimately can be satiated. This means that the need for self-expressive brands decreases as the number of alternative means of self-expression increases.* The utmost to which consumers use brands to express their identities is not limited to self-expressive brands in the same category but it is also a function of the availability of alternative means of expressing identity. Satiation is caused by * Personal brand relevance how occlude is the brand related to your identity. Brands evaluated later in a set were more likely to be rated lower or equivalent in terms of personal relevance. * Perceived brand uniqueness How brands are perceived to be different. * Consumers willingness to pay.* Increasing the prominence of self-expressive brands that are already a part of a consumers identity is likely to weaken future brand preferences. This holds between and crossways product categories. This effect is more articulate for symbolic than functional brands * Brand associations should be distinguished Functional and symbolic associations. * Increasing the need for self-expression (e.g. by threatening identity) has the effect of strengthening brand preferences. * Self-expressive behavioral acts such as product customization can lead to identity saturation, weakening consumers brand preferences.Implications* Brands might possibly compete across categories and become a part of a persons identity. * Lif estyle branding has proven to be successful for many brands. However, managers may be trading fierce within-categoryfunctional competition for fierce across-category symbolic competition when doing so. All self-expressive brands could end up competing with one another, and possibly even non-brand self-expressive items and social media. * More practical It might be untempting to have a shop with self-expressive products next to another shop selling such (Apple Store).Article 4 Naresh, Sheena G. (2012) Do Brand Personalities Make a Difference to Consumers?, , Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 37, 31-37Constructs* When associated to image, brand uniqueness or identity is the arrangement of words, ideas and associations that structure the total perception of the brand. * Brand personality the set of human characteristics associated with the brand. It makes brands more interesting, memorable, and it makes people more aware. The Big 5 * Sincerity Down to earth, honest, wholesome, cheerful (Douwe Egberts). * Excitement Daring, spirited, imaginative, up to date (Porsche). * Competence reliable, intelligent, successful (ABN AMRO). * Sophistication Upper class, Charming (Mercedes).* Ruggedness Outdoorsy, Tough (Levis, Nike, Marlboro). * Brand personality instruction what personality managers want their consumers to perceive. * Brand personality profile what the consumers are thinking and feeling about the brand.Findings* kitschy brand personalities are common for all fast moving consumer goods. Secondly, most FMCGs are modifyd as young, successful and inspiring. Finally, success, friendliness, trendiness, uniqueness, modernization and glamour are often found.Implications* Marketers should focus on strengthening their strategies by emphasizing personality traits of their brands. This can cause strategic changes in brand positioning or communications.Lecture notes Week 2 (03-09-2012)If your customers dont know who you are, they wont buy. You have to show who y ou are in decree to do business. The circle of brand management * Strategists propose an identity by using a certain strategy marketers and PR build on this strategy by choosing a position and messaging this position (potential) customers generate a brand image based on these messages strategists can again build a strategy to reposition the image of the consumers.1 Brand Identity How strategists want the brand to be perceived * It explains whether an ad suits the brand, whether new products should be launched inside or outside the brand boundaries, how far can we change our communication style arenaally and internationally, or whether sponsorship would fit the brand. * Definition the unique composition of physical, social and psychological components of a brand as far as they are crucial, lasting and remarkable.* Whats the vision & aim of a company, what makes it different, what are its values, what need is the brand fulfilling, what is its permanent nature, and what signs make it recognizable. * Aspects CED Central, Enduring (whether its consistent over time) & Distinctive. * Components Physical (external characteristics, logo), Psychological (experiences, character, point of view), Social (spokesperson, category, relationship, users).1.1 Heritage, consisting of history, consistency, passion and leadership. personal effects are * (1) Authentic real (2) received safe (3) intimate warm (4) expert excellence in performance and experience. * Sources are people, the firm itself, and region & nation human capital, social capital, cultural capital & natural capital. * Country of origin is very important, and countlessly many papers have covered it.1.2 Personality & Values* For the Big Five personality indicators/dimensions, see rapscallion 9 article 4. * Prototypical cues help distinguishing things between product categories. It also helps in creating expectance. * Values are stable,desirable modes of conduct or abstract end-states that direct behavior. Milton R . defined 18 instrumental & 18 last(a) values that can be used to find identity. * Core brand values abstract associations that characterize the 5 to 10 most important aspects or dimensions of a brand. These serve the foundation of a brand strategy, and in particular the POPs and PODs (see page 11). For BMW this would be stylish driving, for Marlboro the cowboy life.* Brand Mantras the heart and soul of a brand a 3-to-5 word phrase that captures the essence or spirit of the brand positioning and values. Malibu hard easy going. Here, campaigns are more about context rather than content the expression of the brand is more important than the brand itself. Brand mantras consist of * (1) Brand function (Authenticity for NIKE), (2) Descriptive modifier (Athletic for NIKE), (3) excited modifier (Performance for NIKE). * Implementing a mantra requires communication simplification inspiration.1.3 Vision The brands dream about the future.It is about shaping the category and improving custo mers welfare. Visions are provocative and can guide short-term behavior by communicating direction.The Brand Identity Prism to the left discusses (1) physique (features, symbols, attributes), (2) Personality, (3) Culture (set of values), (4) Relationship (beliefs and associations), (5) Reflection (consumers perception) and (6) Self-image (What the consumer thinks of himself). 1.4 Brand Image How the brand is actually perceived* Identification Brand awareness & category structure.* Qualification Brand associations & meaning structure. 2 Brand Positioning The part of the brand identity and value proposition to be actively communicated to a target audience. It is the act of designing the companys offer and image so that it occupies a distinct and valued place in the target customers minds. The following paragraphs fend for the steps that should be taken when positioning a brand. 2.1 (step A) Frame of Reference Who is the target customer and who are the main competitors? Here, we defin e category membership * Target markets can be defined bysegmentation. variance can be done on the basis of consumers (descriptive, behavioral, psychographic or geographic) or B2B (nature of the goods, buying conditions, demographics). Combinations are also possible. Criteria * Identifiability, size, accessibility, responsiveness.* Take into account that there are different types of competition, namely on product type, category or class. In addition, competition may occur at benefit level rather than attribute level (see paper 3 page 8). * When comparing at category level, 1 brand is the reference brand and several others are compared to that. If youre the reference brand, consider improvements on prices and quality. Be aware that decreases in attributes mischief more than for non-reference brands. When youre not a reference brand, any POD from the reference brand is a loss. Therefore, reference brand have competitive advantages.* Prospect theory Extra value diminishes as procurab le gains increase. * When youre launching a new brand, all usual category characteristics will first have to be transferred. Creating a category is not advised and very expensive (Subway food). Copying prototypical cues can be used by the follower brand to be accepted in the category (e.g. fast food using Red & Yellow / McDo).2.2 (step B) POPs & PODs are chosen after defining the frame of reference * Points of Parity How is the brand similar to others in the category, how can they be associated and compared. Moreover, which associations are shared? Category POPs are necessary to be a legitimate and credible product offering within a category. matched POPs negate PODs of competitors. * Points of Difference How is the brand different to others in the category? Its about brand associations that are unique to the brand and favorably evaluated by consumers. They can be functional (performance related) or abstract ( vision-related). Theyre also closely related to unique selling propositi ons, competitive advantages and distinctive competences. Theyre more difficult to obtain than POPs.PODs and POPs can be defined using the following typology Intrinsic product differentiation, Design/ title differentiation, Symbolic Differentiation, Channel Differentiation, Price Differentiation, Customer Service differentiation, Customer intimacy differentiation. Choosing PODS and POPsis based on * desirableness Relevance, distinctiveness and believability. * Deliverability Feasibility, communicability and sustainability.2.3 (Step C) Establishing POPs and PODsThis can be difficult since many POPs and PODs are negatively correlated (e.g. High quality and low price). Methods that can solve this problem are (1) separation of attributes (2) Leveraging equity of another entity (3) redefining the relationship.2.4 Use and usage situationWhat is the brand promise and consumer benefit? And what is the occasion when the product will be consumed? The scoop up moment to confront customers with product (advertisements) is when they really need it (e.g. In India, detergent ads are place on top of buses, since everyone does their laundry on the balcony where they see these tops).2.5 Statement and tagsAre the current looks and ingredients compatible with its positioning? There are multiple elements that will evaluate and choose a brand positioning 1. The Target audience2. The compelling benefit3. The reason why customers should believe the PODs4. Product Name5. Product CategoryWeek 3 Special Branding StrategiesArticle 1 Keller, Kevin Lane and Philip Kotler (2012) Branding in B2B firms in vade mecum of Business-to-Business Marketing, edited by Gary l. Lilien and Rajdeep Grewal, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.Constructs* B2B branding might not be needed because buyers are experienced and full informed, its more about the buying experience, it involvesunnecessary costs, effects are only short-term, calculating ROI is difficult, brand building is complex and because it doesnt sig nificantly influence the buyers final decision.Findings* The Brand Management Scorecarda. Managers understand what the brand means to customers. b. The brand is properly positioned.c. Customers receive superior delivery of the benefits they value most. d. The brand takes advantage of the full repertoire of branding and marketing activities available to build brand equity. e. Marketing and communications efforts are seamlessly integrated. The brand communicates with one voice. f. The brands pricing strategy is based on customer perceptions of value. g. The brand uses appropriate imagery to support its personality. h. The brand is innovative and relevant.i. For a multiproduct, multi-brand firm, the brand hierarchy and brand portfolio are strategically sound. j. The firm has in place a system to monitor brand equity and performance. * locomote to build and manage a strong branda. Ensure the organization understands and supports branding and the role of brand management. Moreover, int ernal branding is important (next two steps) b. Horizontal and vertical alignment branding efforts should be dumb by all. c. Brand mantras (see p10 1.2) will consistently reinforce and support the brand. a. A General Electric application program for this firm, more then a brand mantra was integrated successfully through 11 different businesses. d. take for granted a corporate brand strategy if possibly and create a well-defined brand hierarchy (Carefully) decide on brand architecture (distinctive brand elements applied to the different products sold by the firm). Corporate branding is preferred. e. Corporate credibility competence in delivery and satisfaction for the client. It depends on expertise, trustworthiness and likability.f. Brand hierarchy Significantly different sub-businesses require sub-brands. g. Frame Value Perceptions Strive for differentiation and value rather thancommoditization. Framing is about how clients currently think and choose among products and services, and then determining how this ideally should be. h. Link non-product-related imagery associations Apple is perceived as an innovative brand, where Microsoft is more of an aggressive firm. Consider how dimensions of corporate credibility affect decisions of the B2B customer. i. Uncover relevant emotional associations for the brand Security, social approval and self-respect definitely play a role.In addition, how do risk and feelings influence a customers decision making? j. Emotions and decision-making Ultimately, individuals rather than organizations make acquire decisions. These people are influenced by emotions & ratio. k. Segment Customers carefully and develop tailored branding and marketing programs. Should there be a uniform image within and across firms? l. Segmentation within organizations the buying come to brings together initiators, users, influencers, deciders, approvers, buyers and gatekeepers. People fulfill multiple of these tasks, but all should be approached with identical messages. m. Segmentation across organizations careful customer analysis is required for successful segmentation.Implications Not mentioned.Article 2 Desai, Kalpesh Kaushik and Kevin Lane Keller (2002) The Effects of Ingredient branding Strategies on Host Brand Extendibility, Journal of Marketing, vol. 66, (January), 73- 93.Constructs* Line extensions minor product changes in the host brand, possibly already introduced by others in the category. When these changes are branded, theyre further defined as * Slot-filler brand expansions the level of one existing product attribute changes. * New attribute expansion an unaccompanied new attribute or characteristic is added to the product. * Self-branded ingredient the host brand includes and creates a new self-brand. * Co-branded ingredient branding using associated brands as ingredients (Dell & Intel) that are supplied by another firm.Findings* For Slot-filler expansions, a cobranded ingredient facilitates initial expansion acceptance, but a self-branded ingredient leads to more favorable subsequent category extension evaluations. Subjects appeared not to cite the host brand for the cobrand association in evaluating subsequent extensions, and if anything, they held it against the host brand. * For new attribute expansions, a co-branded ingredient leads to more favorable evaluations of both the initial expansion and the subsequent category extension. Because a self-branded ingredient did not help broaden the equity of the host brand, and because the host brand may have lacked credibility, an extension involving a self-branded ingredient was less favorably evaluated. * Should ingredients be branded? Yes, it improves the competitiveness of the host brand and its a signal of quality when combining high quality brands.Implications* Besides helping improve the competitiveness of the host brand, the new attribute can, in some cases, expand the usage of the host brand. * Co-branding might enhance short-term e quity of a host and its value, even under low fit. However, in the long-term co-branding will require more fit to the category. After all, theyre borrowing and not generating equity themselves. * Evaluations of slot-filler extensions suffer after the cobrand that was primarily used in the expansion is dropped from the extension.Article 3 Gussoni, Manuela and Andrea Mangani (2012) Corporate branding strategies in mergers and acquisitions, Journal of Brand Management, I 350-213IX, 1-16Constructs* Corporate name is a strategic marketing asset and carries the corporations reputation. * Mergers & Acquisitions can be classified as* Conservative the new entity adopts the acquirers or the targets corporate name. * Innovative the new entity uses a mix or new name. * Horizontal if the combining entities are active in the sameindustry and produce similar goods & services. * Vertical if the combining entities are active in the same industry but at smash production stages (buying buyers or su ppliers). * Divisional acquisition acquiring /merging only some divisions of companies. * Diversification if the combining entities are active in separate industries * Financial investments if a financial investor, typically a private equity investment firm, acquires a manufacturing or service company.Findings* Divisional acquisition, vertical integrations, diversifications and the sectors involved do not affect the probability of the strategy being innovative. * Inventing a new name for a target is unusual.* Innovative brand strategies are more likely in the case of mergers (as opposed to acquisitions), horizontal M&As and financial investments. More specifically, a mixed name is the preferred option since value and reputation of both names will be involved. * When doing a financial investment, the acquirer doesnt transfer its name, but chooses between keeping the acquired name or changing it in case of bad reputation. * Horizontal M&As tend to extend the name of the acquirer to t he target.Implications* Management and chanting of brands and corporate names may have a profound tint within organizations. Therefore we recommend carefully interpreting our and other studies regarding naming strategies. * Marketing during a M&A process is often underestimated.Article 4 Ilicic, Jasmina and Cynthia M. Webster (2012) Celebrity co-branding quislings as irrelevant brand reading in advertisements, Journal of Business ResearchConstructs* Celebrities are identified as co-branding partners, where two brands (one being the celebrity) are paired with one another in a marketing context such as an advertisement. * Their should be a match between thecelebrity and brand image to achieve positive effects on consumer attitudes. * A celebrity not only provides consumers with relevant brand information when they convey characteristics pertinent to the brand but also when they mention information relevant to the endorsed brand. * Irrelevant information provided by a celebrity end orser also aids in making a judgment about whether the brand is able to deliver the benefit according to the consumer. This holds regardless of whether relevant brand information is also present. * Dilution effect in marketing Dilution of consumers beliefs might occur when a celebrity provides both irrelevant and relevant brand information. This effect is present regardless of whether consumers perceive the celebrity to match or mismatch the brand.Findings* When a celebrity co-branding partner does not provide information about the partner brand nor brand benefits but plays a computer peripheral role, consumer judgments in the ability of the partner brand to deliver benefits, their purchase intent and their match-up perceptions become less positive. * Consumer brand benefit beliefs and purchase intentions show evidence of a dilution effect only when consumers perceive a mismatch between the celebrity and brand and when presented with irrelevant information supplied by a celebrity i n addition to relevant brand information. When purely relevant information is presented, dilution does not occur. * Dilution occurs on perceived brand benefits, purchase intentions and match-up perception between the celebrity and the brand.Implications* Ensure that a celebrity co-partner does not provide irrelevant brand information within advertisements to avoid brand benefit belief, purchase intent and match-up dilution. * Advertisements should feature an irrelevant and incongruent celebrity in combination with relevant brand information.